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29 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 169 (2019-2020)
Establishment Clause Health on a Restricted, Artificial Lemon Diet

handle is hein.journals/bupi29 and id is 175 raw text is: ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE HEALTH ON A RESTRICTED, ARTIFICIAL LEMON DIET MARK STRASSER* IN TRO D U C TIO N ............................................................................................... 169 THE EVOLVING LEMON TEST AND ITS APPLICATION ...................................... 171 A . The L em on Test ............................................................................ 17 1 B. The Wavering Commitment to Enforcing Establishment G uarantees .............................................................................. 183 C O N C LU SIO N ................................................................................................... 2 19 INTRODUCTION The Establishment Clause precludes the state from favoring or disfavoring religion.' Regrettably, the Court has offered no coherent account of which practices violate Establishment Clause guarantees,2 and instead has announced different tests without explaining the circumstances under which each should be used.3 The Lemon test, although described as the prevailing test to determine Trustees Professor of Law, Capital University Law School, Columbus, Ohio. Welsh v. United States, 398 U.S. 333, 372 (1970) (White, J., dissenting) ([N]neither support nor hostility, but neutrality, is the goal of the religion clauses of the First Amendment.). I See Utah Highway Patrol Ass'n v. Am. Atheists, Inc., 565 U.S. 994,995 (2011) (Thomas, J., dissenting from the denial of certiorari) (Today the Court rejects an opportunity to provide clarity to an Establishment Clause jurisprudence in shambles.). 3 See, e.g., Cty. of Allegheny v. Am. Civil Liberties Union Greater Pittsburgh Chapter, 492 U.S. 573, 592-93 (1989) (the endorsement test); Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577, 587 (1992) (the coercion test); Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602, 612-13 (1971) (the Lemon test).

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