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45 Yale J. Int'l L. 133 (2020)
The Nagoya Protocol and the Legal Structure of Global Biogenomic Research

handle is hein.journals/yjil45 and id is 149 raw text is: Article The Nagoya Protocol and the Legal Structure of Global Biogenomic Research Michelle Rourke, Sam Halabi,tt Gian Luca Burci,l & Rebecca Katzt: I. IN TROD U CTIO N ............................................................................................................................. 134 A . A griculture and N utrition .................................................................................................. 136 B . H um an H ealth and M edicine............................................................................................. 138 1.H IV /A ID S .................................................................................................................... 13 8 2 . In flu enza ....................................................................................................................... 14 0 3 . T ub erculosis ................................................................................................................. 14 1 II. SEQUENCING THE WORLD: THE NEXT GENERATION OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTH AND NUTRITION......................................................... 143 A. The Proliferation of Genetic Sequencing Technologies and Collaborative P artnersh ip s........................................................................................................................ 144 B. Accessing Genetic Resources: Historical M odels............................................................. 147 1. Transfer of Samples between Collaborators................................................................ 147 2. Parachute Acquisition of Host Country Samples........................................................ 148 3. Annexed Research Sites for the Collection of New Samples...................................... 149 C. The Changing International Legal Landscape for Accessing Genetic Resources............ 150 1. Article 15 of the CBD Established Sovereign Rights over Genetic Resources and T heir Exploitation ................................................................................................. 152 2. The Nagoya Protocol Clarified Conditions for Researchers' Access to Genetic Resources and the Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Study and D evelopm ent ................................................................................................................ 154 3. The Ethics of Large Biogenomic Projects................................................................... 164 III. GLOBAL BIOGENOMIC PROJECTS: CAPACITY BUILDING AND BENEFIT SHARING...................... 165 A . The G lobal V irom e Project ............................................................................................... 166 1.Project D escription and A im s..................................................................................... 166 2. Capacity Building, Access, and Benefit Sharing......................................................... 168 3. Implications for Large-Scale Biological Projects........................................................ 169 t Dr. Michelle Rourke is a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Synthetic Biology Future Science Fellow at Griffith University Law School in Brisbane, Australia. Her research focuses on the global regulation of access to genetic resources for the Australian synthetic biology community. Her Ph.D. examined how international access and benefit-sharing laws under the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity and its Nagoya Protocol impact access to physical virus samples and associated information, including genetic sequence data. Dr. Rourke is a member of the Global Virome Project's Ethical, Legal and Social Implications Working Group and a non-resident Affiliate of the Center for Global Health Science and Security at Georgetown University. tt Sam Halabi is the Manley 0. Hudson Professor of Law at the University of Missouri, a Scholar at the O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University, and the co-chair of the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications Working Group of the Global Virome Project. He holds a J.D. from Harvard Law School, an M.Phil. from the University of Oxford (St. Antony's College) and a B.S., summa cum laude, from Kansas State University. T Gian Luca Burci is the co-chair of the Ethical, Legal and Social Issues Working Group of the Global Virome Project, an adjunct professor at the Graduate Institute Geneva and the former Legal Counsel of the World Health Organization. Professor Burci previously served as Legal Officer at the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna and in the United Nations Secretariat in New York. II Dr. Rebecca Katz is Professor and Director of the Center for Global Health Science and Security at Georgetown University. She earned her undergraduate degree from Swarthmore College, an M.P.H. from Yale University, and a Ph.D. from Princeton University.

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