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2 U.C. Irvine J. Int'l Transnat'l & Comp. L. 57 (2017)
Transnational Constitution-Making: The Contribution of the Venice Commission on Law and Democracy

handle is hein.journals/ucivjtoml2 and id is 61 raw text is: 
















  Transnational Constitution-Making: The

  Contribution of the Venice Commission

                on Law and Democracy



                              Paul Craig*



Foundations and Organization   ......................   ............. 59
Remit and Role        .................................................. 61
      Democratic Institutions and Fundamental Rights     ............... 61
      Constitutional Justice...................................... 62
      Elections, Referendums and Political Parties......................... 63
      The  Specific and the General      ............   .................. 63
Triggering and Methodology                     ..................................... 64
      Triggering the Venice Commission      ...............      ........... 64
      Working  Methodology of the Venice Commission ............. 66
The Venice Commission, Transnational Legal Orders and Constitution-
      Making  ................................................   68
      Transnational Legal Orders.................        ............... 68
      The Venice Commission  and Transnational Legal Orders............. 70
           (i) Function    ............................................. 70
           (ii) Membership...................................... 71
           (iii) Values ..   ............................................ 72
      The Venice Commission  and Constitutions ......................... 73
The Venice Commission, Process and Substance    ........  ............. 75
      Process and Procedural Rights                ........................ 75
      Substantive Criteria and Standards ................................. 77
           (i) Hard and Soft Law Standards    ..............      .......... 77
           (ii) Universality and Plurality .............. .................... 78
           (iii) Critique and Response             ........................ 79
The Venice Commission, Compliance and Impact ........   .............. 80
       Compliance and the Addressee........................      81


 Professor of English Law, St John's College, Oxford. I am the alternate UK representative on the
Venice Commission. This article contains my personal views. I am grateful for comments received from
participants at a conference at UC Irvine School of Law in 2016, and for further comments from
Gregory Shaffer, Tom Ginsburg and Terence Halliday thereafter.


57

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