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2 Police Stud.: Int'l Rev. Police Dev. 11 (1979-1980)
The Japanese Police: Education and Training

handle is hein.journals/polic2 and id is 13 raw text is: The Japanese Police: Education and Training Haruo Ueno First Secretary and Police Attache, Embassy of Japan, Washington, D.C. Approximately one hundred years have passed since a modem professional police system was introduced into Japanese society. During this period, the Japanese Police has endeavored to achieve its assigned mission of protecting people's lives and properties, preventing and suppressing crimes and maintaining the public safety and order of the country. The education and training of police officers have traditionally been regarded by the Japanese police as the most important requisite for a successful realization of its mission. POLICE ORGANIZATION (1) National Organization The present police system was established in 1954. Today, Japan is divided into 47 prefectures and each prefecture has its own regional police force. However, because Japanese people believe police missions should be carried out on a national basis, the State has accepted, to a certain extent, the responsibility of supervision over the entire prefectural system. In order to discharge this kind of State respon- sibility, two national police organizations, the National Public Safety Commission (NPSC) and the National Police Agency (NPA) were established at State level. These organizations' responsibilities are to supervise and direct all prefectural police organizations as well as to handle coordination and liaison required among them. (a) The National Public Safety Commission (NPSC). NPSC is placed under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister. The Commission's responsibilities include overseeing all police operations and activities relating to the public safety of the nation or inter-prefecturally and for administering police education and training, telecommunications, central criminal records, lab- oratories, police equipments and criminal statistics as well as coordinating matters relating to police administration. NPSC is composed of a Chairman and five members. The Chairman is a Cabinet Member and usually a member of the Diet (Congress) while members of NPSC are appointed by the Prime Minister with the consent of both Houses of the Diet. (b) National Police Agency (NPA). NPA is subject to the direct supervision of the National Public Safety Commission. The Head of NPA (the Director General) directs and supervises the prefectural police forces (from the State level) in matters requiring control and coordination of action. The appointment or dismissal of the Director General is handled by NPSC with the approval of the Prime Minister. The NPA is composed of the Secretariat and the following six internal bureaus: Administration, Criminal Investigation, Crime Prevention, Traffic, Security and Communications. External branch organizations of NPA include the National Police Academy, the National Rearch Institute of Police Science and the Imperial Guards Headquarters. Local organizations include seven Regional Police Bureaus. Each Regional Police Bureau is responsible for NPA functions, especially in areas of training and inspection. (2) Police Organizations in Prefectures Under the Police Act of Japan, police affairs are under the jurisdiction of each Prefecture. Consequently, Prefectural Governments maintain their own police forces, and prefectural police forces take respon- sibilities for all police matters in their own juris- dictional areas throughout Japan. (a) Prefectural Public Safety Commission (PPSC) Prefectural Public Safety Commissions are established as administrative organizations responsible for super- vising the respective prefectural police forces, and are placed under the jurisdiction of the Governor. A Commission is composed of three or five members appointed by the prefectural governor with the consent of the prefectural assembly. (b) Prefectural Police Headquarters Prefectural Police Headquarters take charge of police matters in their individual jurisdictions under the direct supervision of the PPSCs concerned. The appointment or dismissal of Chiefs and other

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