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10 J. Int'l Media & Ent. L. 1 (2023-2025)
Censorship as a Tool against State Disinformation: The Freedom of Expression Implications of the Russian-Ukrainian War

handle is hein.journals/jintmeel10 and id is 11 raw text is: 










  CENSORSHIP AS A TOOL AGAINST STATE
     DISINFORMATION: THE FREEDOM OF
     EXPRESSION IMPLICATIONS OF THE
            RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
                        Andris Koltay*

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION ....................... ................ .. .................. ....2
II. THE EU DECISION AND REGULATION BANNING RUSSIAN MEDIA
   OUTLETS ACROSS THE UNION...................................................3
       A. The Decision and the Regulation and Their Legal
         B ackground........................................................ . 3
       B. The Consequences of the Regulation..................................8
       C. Analysis and Critique of the Regulation from the
         Perspective of Freedom of Expression...............................11
             1. The Competences of the EU..................................11
             2. Can State Media Enjoy Media Freedom? ..................14
             3. The Problem of Censorship and Prior Restraints..........16
             4. The Legitimate Aim of the Ban.............................17
             5. The N ecessity  ofthe Ban.......................................21
             6. The Proportionality of the Ban..............................22
             7. The Questionable Effectiveness of the Ban................24
             8. The Dangers of Paternalism........................................24
             9. Setting a Dangerous Precedent..............................25
       D. Judgments ofthe General Court of the EU..........................26
             1. The Kiselev Case..............................................26
             2. The RTFrance Case.............................................27
III. LEGAL TOOLS AGAINST DISINFORMATION IN EUROPE ............ ....35
       A. The Legitimate Restrictions on Untruthful or Misleading
         Speech..................................................................35
       B. The Regulation of Online Platforms............................ 37
             1. State Regulation...............................................37
             2. Private Regulation by the Platforms........................44
             3. The Digital Services Act.........................................48

* Research Professor, University of Public Service, and Professor of Law, Pizminy
Peter Catholic University (both Budapest, Hungary).

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