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22 Global Governance 41 (2016)
Brazil and the Responsibility While Protecting Initiative: Norms and the Timing of Diplomatic Support

handle is hein.journals/glogo22 and id is 43 raw text is: Global Governance 22 (2016), 41-58 Brazil and the Responsibility While Protecting Initiative: Norms and the Timing of Diplomatic Support Kai Michael Kenkel and Cristina G. Stefan This article examines Brazil's responsibility while protecting (RwP) initia- tive as an example of norm sponsorship available to nonpermanent mem- bers of the Security Council. After setting the stage with Brazil's historical engagement with intervention issues, it discusses the reasons behind the Brazilian initiative. It examines RwP's key proposals and the reactions they generated. RwP's normative implications are discussed, together with an examination of the main reasons why Brazil's sponsorship of the initiative waned following its exit from the Council. Brazil's withdrawal from spon- soring RwP highlights the need for ongoing support for initiatives that seek to revive the international community's intervention practices by tackling the basic tenets of discord over R2P's implementation. Keywords: responsibility while protecting, Brazil, international norms, Responsibility to Protect, intervention, emerging powers. BRAZIL'S RESPONSIBILITY WHILE PROTECTING (RwP) INITIATIVE HAS BECOME A key contribution to the international debate on the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and intervention in general, as well as a guiding element for Brazil's and other emerging powers' engagement with intervention, collective security, global governance, and normative aspects of recent changes in the balance of global influence. Its contribution lies in reconciling supportive and dissenting views on R2P, including those from both the Global North and South, in the wake of the divisive 2011 intervention in Libya. In this sense, it is an example of the shaping of a norm, done by an emerging power availing itself of the platform offered by nonpermanent membership in the UN Security Council. RwP's potential as a bridge-building exercise was realized only after ini- tially strong criticism. Due to a combination of diplomatic and domestic rea- sons-including, significantly, the end of the country's term on the Security Council-by the time its potential had been recognized, RwP had seen the sup- port of its original sponsor withdrawn. The Brazilian initiative provides in- sights into a number of pertinent issues regarding the current intervention debate and beyond. These include the role of normative debates-especially in the Council-as a locus of emerging powers' challenge to the global order, and these states' potential as norm entrepreneurs, as well as the importance of con- tinued active sponsorship to the success of conceptual initiatives in global diplomacy. 41

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