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28 Fordham Urb. L.J. 1611 (2000-2001)
The New Governance and the Tools of Public Action: An Introduction

handle is hein.journals/frdurb28 and id is 1625 raw text is: THE NEW GOVERNANCE AND THE
TOOLS OF PUBLIC ACTION:
AN INTRODUCTION
Lester M. Salamon*
In economic life the possibilities for rational social action, for
planning, for reform-in short, for solving problems-depend
not upon our choice among mythical grand alternatives but
largely upon choice among particular social techniques... tech-
niques and not isms are the kernel of rational social action in
the Western world.'
Far-reaching developments in the global economy have us revisit-
ing basic questions about government: what its role should be,
what it can and cannot do, and how best to do it.2
INTRODUCTION: THE REVOLUTION THAT No ONE NOTICED
A fundamental re-thinking is currently underway throughout the
world about how to cope with public problems.3 Stimulated by
popular frustrations with the cost and effectiveness of government
programs and by a new-found faith in liberal economic theories,
serious questions are being raised about the capabilities, and even
the motivations, of public-sector institutions. Long a staple of
American political discourse, such questioning has spread to other
parts of the world as well, unleashing an extraordinary torrent of
* Lester M. Salamon is a Professor at the Johns Hopkins University and the
Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies. This article is adapted
from the introduction to THE TOOLS OF GOVERNMENT: A GUIDE TO THE NEW Gov-
ERNANCE (Lester M. Salamon ed., 2001).
1. ROBERT A. DAHL & CHARLES E. LINDBLOM, POLITICS, ECONOMICS, AND
WELFARE 6, 16 (1953).
2. WORLD BANK, WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 1997: THE STATE IN A
CHANGING WORLD 1 (1997).
3. Id.; see also Donald F. Kettl, The Global Revolution in Public Management.-
Driving Themes, and Missing Links, 16 J. POL. ANALYSIS & MGMT. 446 (1997) (not-
ing that the managerialism movement has radically transformed democracy and
suggesting that we must build new administrative capacity and ask what government
should do, and how can it do it best?); CHRISTOPHER POLLITr, MANAGERIALISM
AND THE PUBLIC SERVICES: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE (1.990) (arguing
that the novel approach to public services, found in managerialism, needs to be
grasped for its ideological weight and immediate consequences).

1611

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