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48 J. Mar. L. & Com. 53 (2017)
Liability in Criminal and Private Law regarding Maritime Safety

handle is hein.journals/jmlc48 and id is 55 raw text is: Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce, Vol. 48, No. 1, January, 2017 Liability in Criminal and Private Law Regarding Maritime Safety Pumin Rong I INTRODUCTION Maritime safety has always been a matter of paramount concern in shipping and seafaring. However, in ancient times little attention was paid to the safety and welfare of seafarers who were indispensable to the success of a maritime adventure. Shipowners in the days of primitive navigation were often unconcerned with those men who manned wooden sailing ships. Global concern for the welfare of seafarers was first triggered with the sinking of the Titanic in 1913 in the North Atlantic ocean which provided the impetus for the creation of an international regime for maritime safety through the adoption of the first Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention. Being a British ship, the sinking of the Titanic quickly instigated parliamentary action following the disaster. That domestic legislation inspired the international adoption of SOLAS. In recent years, other disasters have occurred, exemplified by the infamous Herald of Free Enterprise,' also a British ship, and the sinking of the Swedish Estonia2 both passenger ferries. The Scandinavian Star also caught fire resulting in considerable fatalities. These incidents raised serious concern in the maritime community in Europe, 'The U.K. registered ro-ro ferry Herald of Free Enterprise capsized on 6 March 1987 resulting in the loss of 193 lives including passengers and crew. 2The ferry Estonia sank en route from Tallin to Stockholm on 28 September 1994 resulting in the loss of 852 lives. 53

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