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4 Geo. L. Tech. Rev. 1 (2019-2020)
Online Manipulation: Hidden Influences in a Digital World

handle is hein.journals/gtltr4 and id is 13 raw text is: GEORGETOWN LAW TECHNOLOGY REVIEW ONLINE MANIPULATION: HIDDEN INFLUENCES IN A DIGITAL WORLD Daniel Susser, Beate Roessler, Helen Nissenbaum* CITE AS: 4 GEO. L. TECH. REV. 1 (2019) TABLE OF CONTENTS I. IN TR O D U CTIO N ....................................................................................... 2 II. SOME CASES OF TROUBLING INFLUENCE............................................... 4 A. Targeting Advertisements at Vulnerable Teenagers........................ 5 B. Algorithm ically-Nudged Labor ...................................................... 7 C. Psychographic Profiling and Election Influence.............................. 9 III. D EFINING M ANIPULATION .................................................................... 12 A. Persuasion, Coercion, and Manipulation ...................................... 13 B . The M eans of M anipulation........................................................... 18 C . D eception and M anipulation......................................................... 21 D . N udges and M anipulation............................................................. 22 E. Manipulation and Manipulative Practices Defined....................... 26 IV. MANIPULATION THROUGH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ...................... 29 A. Surveillance.......................................................................................29 B . D igital P latform s......................................................................... . . 3 1 C . M ed iation .................................................................................... . . 3 3 V. HARMS OF MANIPULATION: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF AUTONOMY ............. 34 A . A utonom y at a G lance ................................................................. 35 B . Autonom y and M anipulation ......................................................... 38 1. Autonomy, Manipulation and Choice Architecture ................ 38 2. Manipulation and Vulnerabilities........................................... 40 C . O bjections and R esponses.............................................................. 41 V I. C O N CLU SIO N ......................................................................................... 44 * We are very grateful for comments from participants in the 2018 Privacy Law Scholars Conference, 2018 Amsterdam Privacy Conference, 2018 Association of Internet Researchers Conference, and 2018 Information Ethics Roundtable, from faculty colloquia at MIT, San Jose State University, Penn State University, and the University of Amsterdam, and especially from Kiel Brennan-Marquez, Yafit Lev-Aretz, Paul Ohm, Marijn Sax, and Tal Zarsky. Thanks to Corinne Su for providing outstanding editorial assistance and Katherine Magruder for in- depth research assistance on our case studies. We are deeply grateful for research support from the National Science Foundation (Grants CNS-1704527 and SES-1650589) and the John D. and Katherine T. MacArthur Foundation.

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