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58 St. Louis U. L.J. 1047 (2013-2014)
Dilemmas of Representation, Citizenship, and Semi-Citizenship

handle is hein.journals/stlulj58 and id is 1123 raw text is: DILEMMAS OF REPRESENTATION, CITIZENSHIP, AND
SEMI-CITIZENSHIP
ELIZABETH F. COHEN*
ABSTRACT
This Article takes up the question of who counts? with a three-part
argument. The first part of the argument makes the case that citizenship in
liberal democracies is subject to stresses caused by internal doctrinal conflict
that result in the creation of semi-citizenship statuses that offer some
individuals partial bundles of rights and semi-citizen statuses. Semi-citizenship
is inevitable. The second part of the argument looks closely at how this affects
the distribution of the political rights of citizenship: voting and representation.
I make the argument that we ought not conflate voting and representation.
Each is a distinct political right. People who cannot vote or do not vote are not
necessarily entirely unrepresented. This is particularly evident if one takes
seriously the trustee model of representation. The third part of the Article
compares three different cases of semi-citizenship in which groups who are
counted for the purposes of the census and legislative apportionment are not
accorded the vote. I examine the cases of children, non-citizens, and felons,
briefly illustrating how and why trusteeship serves the first two groups and
fails the third. These conclusions bolster the case for treating trusteeship as a
necessary component of a liberal democratic state and for treating it skeptically
in circumstances in which the trusteeship is not clearly linked to the political
capabilities of the population in question.

1047

* Associate Professor of Political Science, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at
Syracuse University.

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