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25 Mich. J. Int'l L. 1319 (2003-2004)
Sub-State Nationalism and International Law

handle is hein.journals/mjil25 and id is 1333 raw text is: SUB-STATE NATIONALISM AND
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Margaret Moore*
I. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND MINORITY NATIONALIST
SELF-DETERMINATION     ............................................................ 1320
II. THE NORMATIVE BASIS OF MINORITY NATIONALISM ............ 1324
III. NATIONAL SELF-DETERMINATION WITHOUT SECESSION ...... 1329
A. Non-Territorial Autonomy ............................................... 1330
B. Territorial Autonomy Regimes and the
International Order ......................................................... 1336
IV .  C ONCLUSION  .......................................................................... 1340
This Article explores the relationship between international law, de-
fined broadly as the principles, norms, and rules governing the
international order and the aspirations for collective self-government by
minority national communities. It argues that there will be increasing
challenges to the current international legal rules by minority national-
ists, and that it is important to develop a principled response to this
challenge. It also argues that the current system privileges state actors to
a great extent, and that any attempt to channel self-determination claims
in a more benign, non-secessionist direction needs to address the state-
centric biases of the current rules.
The argument of this Article proceeds by examining a fairly domi-
nant view of the appropriate relationship between international law and
ethical arguments, and, related to this, the inconsistencies of the current
international law regime with respect to minority nationalist claims to
self-determination. Part Two examines the normative argument underly-
ing minority nationalist claims to self-determination. The upshot of these
two Parts is the conclusion that claims made by and on behalf of minor-
ity nationalists are not likely to wither away, and that the current ad hoc
method of dealing with them is profoundly unsatisfactory. In the third
Part of the Article, two dominant approaches to dealing with self-
determination claims, without secession, are examined in relation to the
•    Department of Political Studies, Queen's University (Kingston, Canada). The au-
thor would like to thank Tony Cole for his helpful paper and for encouraging her to write this
Article, John McGarry for reading and commenting on an earlier version of this Article, and
the Carnegie Corporation for a research grant, which funded the research on which this Article
is based.
1.   By minority national communities, I am referring to nations without a state, but
who live within another state, dominated by another national group or groups. Examples of
such groups are Kurds in Turkey, Iran, and Iraq; Catalans, Basques, and Galicians in Spain;
the Scots and Welsh in the U.K.; Quebec in Canada; and numerous other groups in all parts of
the world.

1319

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