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50 Am. U. L. Rev. 1321 (2001-2001)
Slaying Goliath: The Extraterritorial Application of U.S. Antitrust Law to OPEC

handle is hein.journals/aulr50 and id is 1339 raw text is: SLAYING GOLIATH: THE EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF U.S. ANTITRUST LAW TO OPEC ANDREW C. UDIN* TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ....................................................................................... 1322 I. OPEC and its History .............................................................. 1326 A. OPEC: The Most Powerful Cartel in the World ............. 1327 B. OPEC's Impact on the Oil Industry ................................ 1329 II. U.S. Antitrust Law .................................................................... 1331 A. Overview of Existing Law ............................................. 1331 B. The Meaning and Background of Price-Fixing ...... 1333 C. The Consistent Inconsistencies When Extraterritorially Applying United States Antitrust Laws .............................................................................. 1336 1. The basis for extending the reach of the Sherman Act to acts performed abroad: the effects test ....... 1338 2. Limitations on the effects test and foreign response to the extraterritorial application of United States antitrust laws ................................... 1342 D. Hartford Fire and the Death of Comity .......................... 1345 III. Placing Restrictions on Extraterritorial Antitrust Jurisdiction Based on Sovereign Interests .............................. 1347 A. The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act .......................... 1348 1. The commercial activity exception to sovereign im m unity ..................................................................... 1350 2. Distinguishing between governmental and commercial activities: the nature v. purpose test ..... 1353 B. The Act of State Doctrine ................................................ 1356 Senior Note & Comment Editor, American Uniersity Lazo Reiew, Volume 51; J.D. Candidate, May 2002, American University, Wzshington to/lege of Lau B.A, 1999, Binghamton Univetsit,, mag-na cum laude. S ecial thanks to Russell J. Upton and Benjamin P. Saul, without whose guidance and assistance this piece would not have been possible. I would also like to thank my fianc6, Shim ,- Asselt, and my family for their unqualified love, support and patience. 1321

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