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5 Rev. Eur. Stud. 130 (2013)
Effect of Corporal Punishment on Students' Motivation and Classroom Learning

handle is hein.journals/rveurost5 and id is 506 raw text is: Review of European Studies; Vol. 5, No. 4; 2013 ISSN 1918-7173 E-ISSN 1918-7181 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Effect of Corporal Punishment on Students' Motivation and Classroom Learning Jqbal Ahmad1, Hamdan Said1 & Faisal Khan2 1 Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Correspondence: Jqbal Ahmad, Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Skudai, Malaysia. E-mail: shahnavi777@hotmail.com Received: July 16, 2013 Accepted: August 15, 2013 Online Published: August 20, 2013 doi: 10.5539/res.v5n4p 130 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v5n4p 130 Abstract This study examined the effect of corporal punishment on students' motivation and classroom learning. Research has indicated that behavior of teacher profoundly influences students' learning. It has been observed with great concern that teachers in Pakistani schools resort to corporal punishment to motivate students for classroom learning. Over the years this practice has resulted in reduced students' motivation towards learning.This study was purposefully designed to investigate this area of concern. For this purpose, the study attempted to find answer to the question that was there any relationship between corporal punishment and students' motivation and classroom learning. Using a correlation design, the study surveyed attitudes of a randomely sampled 250 teachers from secondary schools in Malakand district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For data analysis, SPSS was used. This research studied the relationship between the following three main variables: corporal punishment as independent variable and student motivation and classroom learning as dependent variables. To examine correlation between the variables, ANOVA and Regression Analysis were utilized. Results of the study revealed that corporal punshment was significantly negatively correlated with students' motivation and classroom learning. Keywords: effect, corporal punishment, student motivation, classroom learning 1. Introduction Students who are physically punished develop negative attitudes towards learning. Even such students when develop into adult possess no empathy for others. Research has shown that children who are beaten up by their teachers learn aggression (Boser, 2001; Friedman & Schonberg, 1996). They develop low self concept and see aggression as a means to solve problems of life. Studies further indicated that corporal punishment intimidates children. They develop low self-esteem and show dejection and hesitation to participate in learning activities (Flynn, 1994; Brezina, 1999; Straus, 2003). This type of behavior has wider implications as it leads to bigger violence later stages of life (Patel, 2003). The use of corporal punishment inculcates a strong belief in the impressionable minds of students that force is justified to control unwanted or undesirable behaviors. Ultimately, this promotes the attitudes of children that use of force or aggression is an acceptable act in the society (Straus, 1991; Baumrind, 1996; Roos, 2003). According to Roussow (2003) students who receive corporal punishment show symptoms of dejection in studies, poor performance in the tests and also do not participate in the teaching and learning process enthusiastically.Morrel (2000) found that use of corporal punishment influences attendance of school children. Students remain absent from school and this situation of longer absenteeism leads to withdrawal from schools. According to Vally (1998) the effects of physical punishment of students develop more severe psychiatric and traumatic conditions in children. Students in such an environment consider schools to be an unsafe place and thus they avoid coming to schools. This type of attitude of students is the direct result of harsh corporal punishment and unsupportive learning environment where physical punishment is the norm (Gershoff, 2002; Kaur, 2005; Tharps, 2003) Attitude of students towards learning depends upon many factors such as classroom environment, teacher attitude, curriculum and resources. According to Daskalogianni and Simpson (2000) attitude towards learning means the pattern of students' beliefs and emotions associated with classroom environment. Hannulla (2002) found that students' performance, efficacy, motivation and achievement in different subjects are essentially related to their attitude towards learning.

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