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11 Int'l J. Soc. Sci. Stud. 38 (2023)
Inclusion Needs through the Lens of Intersectionality: Evidence Supporting the 8-Inclusion Needs of All People Framework

handle is hein.journals/ijsoctu11 and id is 423 raw text is: International Journal of Social Science Studies Fam Vol. 11, No. 6; November 2023 ISSN 2324-8033 E-ISSN 2324-8041 Published by Redfame Publishing URL: http://ijsss.redfame.com Inclusion Needs Through the Lens of Intersectionality: Evidence supporting The 8-Inclusion Needs of All People Framework Liz A. Wilson' 1 Independent Researcher, United States Correspondence: Dr. Liz Wilson, Independent Researcher, United States. E-mail: liz@thedrliz.com Received: November 10, 2023 Accepted: December 11, 2023 Available online: December 18, 2023 doi:10.11114/ijsss.vlli6.6518 URL: https://doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.vl1i6.6518 Abstract This paper makes a substantial contribution to the fields of inclusion and intersectionality. It addresses the recognized gap in applying intersectionality as a practical framework for creating inclusive environments for all identities and intersectionalities. Drawing upon existing consensus among researchers on the importance of intersectionality, the study conducted in 2023 employs a robust qualitative methodology involving narrative interviews with 22 participants living in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom and representing diverse identities and intersectionalities to understand their identities, lived-experience and inclusion needs to thrive in work and life. Thematic analysis of participant responses resulted in support of all inclusion needs proposed in Wilson's (2023) 8-Inclusion Needs of All People framework; Access, Space, Opportunity, Allowance, Representation, Language, Respect, and Support. Consequently, this research paper provides empirical evidence on the applicability of the 8-Inclusion Needs of All People framework, as proposed by Wilson (2023), in addressing multifaceted inclusion needs through the lens of intersectionality to prevent discrimination and promote equity and equal outcomes for all people. Further, as underscored by the participant's insights, it is essential to pivot from conventional approaches that endeavour to assimilate individual identities into pre-existing structures towards a more progressive stance that actively create inclusive organizations to embrace the diverse tapestry and inclusion needs of all people and their intersectionalities. Keywords: Diversity, Inclusion, Intersectionality, Lived-Experience, Discrimination 1. Introduction Promoting diversity, inclusion, and combatting discrimination has transformed into a vital business imperative for organizations. In addition to the mounting societal expectations for companies to showcase their commitment to inclusion (Chang et al., 2019; Stahl et al., 2020), the substantial costs associated with discrimination cases (Dugal et al., 2022; Unsal & Hassan, 2023) have underscored the urgency. Researchers in the organizational realm have documented the advantages of diversity and inclusion, including above-average profitability (Ferrary & Ddo, 2023), industry-leading performance in value creation (Hunt et al., 2018), enhanced market share growth (Kamarudin et al., 2022), and risk reduction (Dunn et al., 2023; Unsal, 2019). Despite the evident strides organizations have taken to enhance diversity, inclusion, and decrease discrimination (Dobbin & Kalev, 2018; Dover et al., 2020), significant disparities persist: women earn around 37 percent less than men in similar roles (World Economic Forum, 2021), 22 percent of LGBTQI+ Americans face unequal pay and promotion (HRC Foundation, 2021), the poverty rate for those with disabilities stands at 26 percent compared to 10 percent of those without (Erickson et al., 2022), the net worth of a typical white family is eight times greater than a Black family (Yun et al., 2022), and Native Americans experience double the unemployment rate of the overall US population (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021). Furthermore, a substantial body of theory and empirical evidence documents the lived experiences and repercussions of discrimination and exclusion for specific identities, encompassing gender (Belingheri et al., 2021), race and ethnicity (Quillian & Lee, 2023), LGBTQI+ (Donaghy & Perales, 2022), and disability (Osterud, 2023). Critical diversity studies have extended this inquiry to investigate the impact of intersecting identities, presenting numerous potential combinations of these intersections. Examples of intersectional studies include gender and ethnicity (Parker et al., 2022), race and LGBTQI+ (Luiz & Terziev, 2022), and Indigenous identity coupled with disability (Puszka et al., 2022). While it is essential to research and gauge diversity and inclusion to comprehend individuals' experiences and the consequences of discrimination and exclusion, a discernible research gap on operationalizable ways to address 38

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