There's No Place like Work: How Modern Technology Is Changing the Judiciary's Approach to Work-at-Home Arrangements as an ADA Accommodation
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COMMENTS
THERE'S NO PLACE LIKE WORK: HOW MODERN
TECHNOLOGY IS CHANGING THE JUDICIARY'S
APPROACH TO WORK-AT-HOME ARRANGEMENTS AS
AN ADA ACCOMMODATION
INTRODUCTION
In 1973, Jack Nilles, a researcher with the University of
Southern California, coined the term teleworking.l His idea was
to create a more flexible communication system for employees,
reduce the need for transportation, and ultimately decentralize
the traditional workplace.2 Six years later, Marvin Minsky, a pro-
fessor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), first
used the term telepresence.' Minsky sought to create a phenom-
enon whereby people could use technology to replicate their pres-
ence in an environment where they were not physically present.
Decades later, these social pioneers' ideas have merged to cre-
ate robotic telepresence, a form of technology which enables
employees to project their likeness onto mobile robots while they
1. Biography of Jack Nilles, JALA INT'L, http://www.jala.com/jnmbio.php (last modi-
fied Sept. 26, 2011).
2. See Jennifer Mears, Father of Telecommuting Jack Nilles Says Security, Manag-
ing Remote Workers Remain Big Hurdles, NETWORK WORLD (May 15, 2007, 1:00 AM),
http://www.networkworld.comlarticle/2299251/computers/father-of-telecommuting-jack-
nilles-says-security--managing-remote-workers-remain-big-hurd.html (quoting Jack Nilles'
initial thoughts about telecommuting and his perceptions on how his ideas contrasted with
those of the business world).
3. Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn, History of Telepresence, in 3D VIDEOCOMMUNICATION:
ALGORITHMS, CONCEPTS, AND REAL-TIME SYSTEMS IN HUMAN CENTRED COMMUNICATION
7, 7 (Oliver Schreer, Peter Kauff & Thomas Sikora eds., 2005).
4. See id. ([Telepresence] refers to the phenomenon that a human operator develops
a sense of being physically present at a remote location through interaction with the sys-
tem's human interface, that is, through the user's actions and the subsequent perceptual
feedback he/she receives via the appropriate teleoperation technology.).
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