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9 Legis. & Pol'y Brief 4 (2020)
A More Perfect Electoral College: Challenging Winner-Takes-All Provisions under the Twelfth Amendment

handle is hein.journals/legpb9 and id is 4 raw text is: A MORE PERFECT ELECTORAL COLLEGE A MORE PERFECT ELECTORAL COLLEGE: CHALLENGING WINNER-TAKES-ALL PROVISIONS UNDER THE TWELFTH AMENDMENT ERICT. TOLLAR, J.D. & SPENCERH. KIMBALL, M.A., M.S., J.D.* The most exquisite Folly is made of Wisdom spun too fine. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................. 5 I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ON THE MODE OF PRESIDENTIAL SELECTION ................... 7 A. THE PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION... ................ 9 1. THE MODE TO SELECT THE PRESIDENT MUST CONTAIN FACTIONALISM ............... 10 2. THE MODE TO SELECT THE PRESIDENT MUST BE RESISTANT TO POPULAR EXCITEMENT. 11 3. THE MODE TO SELECT THE PRESIDENT MUST ENSURE EXECUTIVE INDEPENDENCE.......... 12 4. THOSE WHO SELECT THE PRESIDENT MUST KNOW OF THE CANDIDATE' S QUALITIES....... 14 5. THE MODE TO SELECT THE PRESIDENT SHOULD BE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PEOPLE'S W ILL .................... ..... 15 B WTAS AND THE TWELFTH AMENDMENT........................................... 16 1. THE HISTORY OF ARTICLE II.................................................. 16 2. THE TWELFTH AMENDMENT ENTERS ........................................... 18 III. THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF MODERN WTAS ................................. ...... 19 A. WTAS VIOLATE THE HISTORICAL VALUES OF PRESIDENTIAL SELECTION ............... 19 1. WTAS ENABLE FACTIONALISM ............................................... 20 2. WTAS ARE VULNERABLE TO EXCITEMENT AND DEMAGOGUES. ...................... 21 3. WTAS WEAKEN EXECUTIVE INDEPENDENCE FROM STATE LEGISLATURES ............ 21 4. WTAS AND THOSE WHO SELECT THE PRESIDENT MUST KNOW OF THE CANDIDATE'S QUALITIES. .................................................................. 22 * Assistant Professor, Emerson College. 1 BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, POOR RICHARD'S ALMANAC (1746), https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/0 1- 03-02-0025. 4

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