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12 Charleston L. Rev. 1 (2017-2018)
Averting Your Eyes in the Information Age: Online Hate Speech and the Captive Audience Doctrine

handle is hein.journals/charlwrev12 and id is 10 raw text is: AVERTING YOUR EYES IN THE INFORMATION AGE: ONLINE HATE SPEECH AND THE CAPTIVE AUDIENCE DOCTRINE Alexander Brown* I. IN TR O D U CTIO N .................................................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND CASE LAW ............................................... 15 III. IDENTIFYING INTERESTS ............................................. 17 A . T he H om e .................................................................... 20 B. The Internet and the Web ......................................... 23 IV. AVERTING YOUR EYES IN THE INFORMATION AGE .... 32 A. Practically Helpless to Avoid Speech ......................... 32 B. Unreasonable Burdens ............................................... 40 V . IM PLICA TIO N S .................................................................... 49 I. INTRODUCTION There is growing interest in whether or not United States First Amendment doctrine can, and should, accommodate certain regulatory strategies for safeguarding the public from potentially harmful online hate speech, or cyberhate.1 This article proposes significant reforms of American free speech doctrine in relation to cyberhate regulations by repurposing the captive audience doctrine. According to this doctrine, it may be permissible, even under the First Amendment, for governmental authorities to *Reader in Political and Legal Theory, University of East Anglia (UEA), UK. This Article is based on the paper I presented at a workshop on global expressive rights organized by Susan Brison and Katharine Gelber at Dartmouth College in spring 2015. I am very grateful for comments and insights from all those who attended. 1. See, e.g., DANIELLE KEATS CITRON, HATE CRIMES IN CYPBERSPACE (2014); Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic, Hate Speech in Cyberspace, 49 WAKE FOREST L. REV. 319 (2014); Julian Baumrin, Internet Hate Speech and the First Amendment. Revisited, 37 RUTGERS COMPUTER & TECH. L.J. 223 (2011).

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