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36 Harv. J. L. & Pub. Pol'y 1139 (2013)
Understanding the Loop: Regulating the Next Generation of War Machines

handle is hein.journals/hjlpp36 and id is 1163 raw text is: UNDERSTANDING THE Loop: REGULATING THE NEXT GENERATION OF WAR MACHINES WILLIAM C. MARRA* & SONIA K. MCNEIL* INTRODUCTION: AUTOMATION AND A UTONOMY ......................................................... 1140 I. MACHINE FUNCTIONING AND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AUTONOMY AND A UTOM ATION ...................................................... 1144 A. Understanding the Loop: OODA and How Machines Work ......................... 1144 FIGURE 1-Boyd's OODA Loop ..................... 1146 B. Toward a Distinction Between Autonomy and Automation ............. 1149 1. The First Attribute of Autonomy: Frequency of Operator Interaction ..... 1152 2. The Second Attribute of Autonomy: Tolerance for Environmental U ncertainty ............................................ 1153 3. The Third Attribute of Autonomy: Level of Assertiveness .......................... 1154 C. The Autonomy Spectrum ........................... 1155 II. DRONE WARFARE: YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND TOM ORROW ....................................................... 1160 A. Yesterday's Drones ..................................... 1160 B. Today's D rones ............................................ 1165 1. A erial D rones ......................................... 1167 * Law Clerk, United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit; J.D. 2012, Harvard Law School. ** Law Clerk, United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit; J.D. 2012, Harvard Law School. The authors thank Kenneth Anderson, Gabriella Blum, Jack Goldsmith, Troy Jones, Jana Schwartz, Benjamin Wittes, and Juan Zarate for their helpful com- ments and conversations. All views and errors are the authors' own.

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