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11 Probs. Communism 37 (1962)
Sino-Sovietology

handle is hein.journals/probscmu11 and id is 241 raw text is: Sino-Sovietology Unity and Contradiction-Major Aspects of Sino-Soviet Relations, edited by Kurt London. Praeger, New York, 1962. The Sino-Soviet Dispute, by G. F. Hudson, Richard Lowenthal, and Roderick MacFarquhar. Praeger, New York, 1962. The Sino-Soviet Conflict: 1956-1961 by Donald Zagoria. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1962. Reviewed by Henry Pachter EACH OF THESE three books has its special usefulness. The first is a collection of thirty-six papers presented by scholars from eleven countries at the Third International Conference on Sino-Soviet Bloc Affairs, which met in Tokyo in September 1960. Although some of the papers were brought up to date in 1961, none yet takes into account the events of the 22nd Congress of the CPSU in October 1961. The same is true of the second collec- tion, which includes Mr. Richard Lowenthal's widely- read article on Diplomacy and Revolution, first pub- lished in The China Quarterly, and thirty important documents bearing on the evolution of the Sino-Soviet dispute from the 20th CPSU Congress in 1956 through the Moscow Manifesto of 81 Communist parties in De- cember 1960, briefly but lucidly annotated by Mr. Mac- Farquhar. Some of the Tokyo conference papers dig deeply into the background of the conflict between Moscow and Peking, and in their entirety they cover the widest lateral range of questions. While it is impossible to name each of the outstanding essays, this reviewer found guidelines for further research especially in the contributions of H. F. Schurmann on Organizational Contrasts between Mr. Pachter, Visiting Professor of Political Science at the New School for Social Research, New York City, appeared previously in these pages with The Meaning of 'Peaceful Coexistence' (January-February 1961). Communist China and the Soviet Union, Hugh Seton- Watson on The Communist Powers and Afro-Asian Nationalism, Boris Meissner on the People's Com- munes, and Leonard Schapiro, Allen S. Whiting, and Zbigniew K. Brzezinski on Conflict Resolution. Necessarily, all these reports are analytical rather than historical, and each contributor confines himself to one particular aspect of his allotted general problem. There also are valuable contributions by such well-known American authorities as Cyril E. Black, Robert F. Byrnes, Oleg Hoeffding, Paul F. Langer, Robert C. North and T. H. Rigby. It remained for Mr. Zagoria to present the first full story of the Sino-Soviet conflict up to the end of 1961- an almost day-by-day account of events and comments, amply documented from Soviet and Chinese sources and ably presented with complete background explanations. By lucky coincidence, Mr. Zagoria ended his book at the height of Sino-Soviet dissension, and he deserves credit for having kept a cool head. While the newspapers were expecting a clean break between Moscow and Peking, he warned that for some time to come the unifying forces in the Communist bloc would remain stronger than the divisive forces. Most of the experts readily concur in this view, and a reader of these three volumes must con- gratulate the scholars on the wide area of agreement among them. If Sino-Soviet divergencies seem to be widening, those among Sinologists and Kremlinologists are narrowing. Unfortunately, however, the gap between the scholars and the less informed still remains unbridged. Among American editorialists and others given to wishful think- ing, one can discern something akin to a mathematical law: the less a person is capable of distinguishing nuances on the Left, the more he expects to see the Rus- sians fight the Chinese; also, the more he expects the intra-Communist rivalry to benefit the democratic cause, the less he is inclined to favor the use of all available means to influence its progress. The scholars are much less sanguine. They see the controversy in the framework of the Communist alliance, as indicated by the titles of some of the essays in the works under review-e.g., Dialectics of a Dispute, Unity of Opposites, Con- 37

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