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7 Int'l J. Estuarine & Coastal L. 277 (1992)
The MARPOL Convention: Implementation and Effectiveness

handle is hein.journals/ljmc7 and id is 297 raw text is: The MARPOL Convention: Implementation and Effectiveness Gerard Peet Delft University of Technology and Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea, University of Utrecht, Netherlands Introduction The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships of 1973 and its Protocol of 1978,' in more popular terms the MARPOL Convention, is often hailed as a very effective international instrument to combat marine pollution. A workshop organized on 5 and 6 February 1990 by the National Academy of Sciences in Washington D.C.2 concluded that the entry into force of the MARPOL Convention has had a substantial positive impact in decreasing (a 60% reduction from a similar estimate in 1981) the amount of oil that enters the sea from maritime transportation activities. The 1990 GESAMP report on the state of the marine environment3 also observes that, since 1979, there has been a signifi- cant reduction in beached tar around the world. Again, the entry into force of the MARPOL Convention (and previously the OILPOL Convention) is seen as a basis for this reduction. Both reports, however, noted that there was no reason for complacency. The Effectiveness of the MARPOL Convention Whilst the MARPOL Convention is given credit for the decrease in the amount of oil that enters the sea from maritime transportation activities, the report of the National Academy of Sciences also noted (among other things) that: * there is a lack of worldwide enforcement of the MARPOL Convention, there is a lack of worldwide efficient monitoring, MARPOL 73/78. Consolidated Edition 1991. Articles. Protocols. Annexes. Unified Interpretations of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. 1973. as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (IMO, London. 1992): and MARPOL 73/78. 1992 Amend- ments to Annex I (London. 1992). 2 IMO Document MEPC 30/INF. 13 (IMO. London. September 1990). 3 GESAMP: The State of the Marine Environment. UNEP Regional Seas Reports and Studies No. 115 (UNEP. 1990). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ESTUARINE AND COASTAL LAW, Vol 7, No 4, © Graham & Trotman Limited, 1992. 277

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