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105 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1417 (2011)
Private Rights in Public Lands: The Chicago Lakefront, Montgomery Ward, and the Public Dedication Doctrine

handle is hein.journals/illlr105 and id is 1425 raw text is: Copyright 2011 by Northwestern University School of Law Printed in U.S.A. Northwestern University Law Review Vol. 105, No. 4 Articles PRIVATE RIGHTS IN PUBLIC LANDS: THE CHICAGO LAKEFRONT, MONTGOMERY WARD, AND THE PUBLIC DEDICATION DOCTRINE Joseph D. Kearney* & Thomas W. Merrill- INTRODUCTION................................................. 1418 I. CONSTRUCTING A LAKEFRONT PARK.................................................................. 1422 A. The Early Chicago Lakefront............... ................1422 B. Entry of the Illinois Central Railroad.........................1429 C. Lake Park Becomes Grant Park............. ................1435 11. THE AMERICAN DOCTRINE OF PUBLIC DEDICATION........................1443 A. A Unique American Hybrid ................. ...............1445 B. Questions Posed by Map Restrictions 1450 III. PUBLIC DEDICATION ON THE LAKEFRONT BEFORE WARD..................1452 IV. THE WATCHDOG OF THE LAKEFRONT 1464 A. Aaron Montgomery Ward .................... .............1464 B. The Local Litigation Phase-1890-1 895 .......................1470 C. The Illinois Supreme Court Phase-Ward I.............. ........1476 D. Ward Versus Everyone Else-Ward II and Ward III... ........1479 E. The SPC Moves to Condemn Ward's Interest- Ward IV. ............1489 F. Ward's Other Actions.................... ................1494 G. Ward's Motives........................................1496 V. THE LIMITS OF THE PUBLIC DEDICATION DOCTRINE ......................1500 A. Territorial Limits of the Doctrine............ ................1500 B. Defining Building.....................................1505 C. The Consent Mechanism ...................... ...................... 1512 Dean and Professor of Law, Marquette University Law School. Charles Evans Hughes Professor of Law, Columbia Law School. The authors thank Emily L. Alb, Linda M. Annoye, Philip C. Babler, Rachel M. Blise, Lauren R. Ciulini, Holly E. Courtney, Patrick C. Greeley, Theodore J. Greeley, Jeffrey J. Guerard, Matthew D. Heintzmann, Eryn R. Knautz, Andrew 0. Mays, Craig R. Nolen, Oladotun 0. Obadina, Annie L. Owens, Ryan N. Parsons, and Jeffrey R. Ruidl for valuable research assistance over the course of a number of years. The authors also thank Gerald A. Danzer, David A. Epstein, Timothy J. Gilfoyle, and Jack Guthman for conversations early in this project; Henry E. Smith for comments on a draft; and Leslie Evans for Figures 11I and 15. 1417

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