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23 Sec. & Hum. Rts. 285 (2012)
Open Source Intelligence and Privacy Dilemmas: Is It Time to Reassess State Accountability

handle is hein.journals/helsnk23 and id is 293 raw text is: Open source intelligence and privacy dilemmas: Is it time to reassess state accountability? Quirine Eijkman ' and Daan Weggemans 2 Introduction Providing for safety and security is a core task of the state. The rapid development of technology has, in many ways, affected the dynamics of this responsibility. Intelligence- and security agencies and the police increasingly rely on information technology that facilitates the collection of Open Source Information (OSINF). OS[NF forms the basis of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), which is gathered through publicly available sources that are unclassified and include sources ranging from (foreign) newspapers, governmental reports, public data, maps, academic sites to blogs, social networking sites, apps and web-based communities. With the evolution of the internet, a vast array of information has become retrievable with the click of a mouse. In addition to this accumulation of valuable data, the internet also contains large quantities of personal information, often posted online by people themselves through social networking sites, blogging or apps. Individuals regularly share personal information online, which is stored as digital data in databases or in the cloud. This, in turn, has led to new perceptions about how this personal data may be used for security and safety purposes. In many areas the use of OSINF - e.g. the monitoring of different social networking sites, blogs or apps - is growing significantly. Several research centres and think tanks, both public and private, have been established solely with the aim to study, coordinate or develop new approaches to (the gathering of) OSiNF and the acquiring of OSINT. Quoting one of the main themes of the '2010 Naked intelligence' conference; 'the gathering of knowledge in a see through world' has become a prominent aspect within the security and intelligence industry.3 New strategies for using OSINF are also designed to anticipate national security threats such as international terrorism. Although the chances are slim that a terrorist will post his or her selected target location online, these measures are helpful in monitoring violent extremist views. In 2012 this was confirmed by the Dutch General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD) 'Jihadism on the Web' report, in which the internet was labelled as the 'most important medium for the Quirine Eijkman (Phd) is a senior researcher / lecturer at the Centre for Terrorism and Counterterrorism (CTC), Leiden University-Campus the Hague. Email: q.a.m.eijkman@cdh.leidenuniv.nl. Daan Weggemans (MSc.) is a researcher / lecturer at the Centre for Terrorism and Counterterrorism (CTC), Leiden University-Campus the Hague. Email: d.j.weggemanscdh.leidenuniv.nl The conference Naked Intelligence, 'Gathering Knowledge in a See Through World', origins from the collaboration of two private corporations in the field of Open Source intelligence production; Sandstone s.a. and Infosphere AB, 2010, Retrieved 27 January 2013, http://www.telestrategies.com/ni_ 10/index.htm.

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