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90 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1283 (1995-1996)
No Right to Exclude: Public Accommodations and Private Property

handle is hein.journals/illlr90 and id is 1301 raw text is: Copyright 1996 Printed in U.S.A. by Joseph William Singer Vol. 90, No. 4 ARTICLES NO RIGHT TO EXCLUDE: PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS AND PRIVATE PROPERTY Joseph William Singer* I. THE PUZZLING GAP IN PUBLIC ACCOMMODATIONS LAW ....................................................... 1286 A. Why Retail Stores May Not Be Public Accommodations ...................................... 1286 B. What is Surprising About the Common-Law Rule ...... 1291 C. Outline of the Argument ............................... 1298 I. THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF THE DUTY TO SERVE ........... 1303 A. The Antebellum Period and Preclassical Legal Thought ... .......... ........................................ 1303 1. The Scope of Public Accommodations Law ......... 1303 a. The law of common callings ..................... 1303 b. Holding oneself out as open to the public as the primary basis of the duty to serve ............... 1304 (1) English law ................................. 1304 (2) American law .............................. 1312 c. Common callings other than innkeepers and common carriers ................................ 1321 d. Race and the right of access .................... 1331 2. Preclassical Legal Thought and Public Accommodations ................................... 1345 B. From Reconstruction to Jim Crow and Classical Legal Thought ................................................ 1348 1. Alternative Solutions to the Public Accommodations Problem .......................... 1348 2. The Confused Period Between 1865 and 1896 ...... 1351 a. From access to exclusion to segregation ......... 1351 b. Common-law decisions ........................... 1357 * Professor of Law, Harvard University. Thanks and affection go to Martha Minow, Ebonette Bates, Jack Beermann, Ketanji Brown, David Bunis, Roel de Lange, Christine Desan, Jerry Frug, Jon Hanson, Mort Horwitz, Claudia Humphrey, Duncan Kennedy, Randall Kennedy, David Kinkopf, Tracey Maclin, Mari Matsuda, Frank Michelman, Josephine Minow, Newton Minow, Ola Myles, Jennifer Nedelsky, Nicholas Pappas, john a. powell, Carol Rose, Lila Singer, Max Singer, Avi Soifer, Carol Steiker, Eric Duc Tran, Ed Tbmavicus, Andr6 van der Walt, Johan van der Walt, Lloyd Weinreb, Patricia Williams, and Larry Yackle. 1283

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