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92 Calif. L. Rev. 1441 (2004)
The Origin and Current Meanings of Judicial Activism

handle is hein.journals/calr92 and id is 1453 raw text is: The Origin and Current Meanings of
Judicial Activism
Keenan D. Kmiect
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction............................................................................................ 1442
I. Early History of the Term Judicial Activism............................... 1444
A. In Search of the Earliest Use..................................................... 1444
B. First Recorded Use: Arthur Schlesinger in
Fortune Magazine ..................................................................... 1445
C. Early Usage of Judicial Activism.......................................... 1450
D. Early Scholarly Examination of Judicial Activism................... 1452
E. First Judicial Use of Judicial Activism:
Judge Joseph C. Hutcheson, Jr.................................................. 1455
F. Other Noteworthy Discussions of Judicial Activism in
Judicial Opinions ...................................................................... 1459
II. Definitions of Judicial Activism...................................................... 1463
A. Striking Down Arguably Constitutional Actions of
Other Branches ......................................................................... 1463
B. Ignoring Precedent.................................................................... 1466
1. Vertical versus Horizontal Precedent.................................... 1466
2. Constitutional versus Statutory versus Common
Law Precedents .................................................................. 1469
C. Judicial Legislation................................................................... 1471
D. Departures from Accepted Interpretive Methodology.............. 1473
E. Result-Oriented Judging ........................................................... 1475
Conclusion ............................................................................................. 1476
Copyright © 2004 California Law Review, Inc. California Law Review, Inc. (CLR) is a California
nonprofit corporation. CLR and the authors are solely responsible for the content of their publications.
t   J.D., School of Law, University of California, Berkeley (Boalt Hall), May 2004; law clerk for
the Honorable Samuel A. Alito, Jr. I wish to thank my family (especially my father) for its love and
support; my Boalt professors (especially Vik Amar, Jesse Choper, Harry Scheiber, Robert Merges, and
Donna Petrine) for giving an eager mind much to ponder; and my friends and colleagues at the
California Law Review (especially my fellow Articles Editors) for their dedieation, enthusiasm, and
kindness.

1441

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