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39 San Diego L. Rev. 1253 (2002)
Sua Sponte Appellate Rulings: When Courts Deprive Litigants of an Opportunity to be Heard

handle is hein.journals/sanlr39 and id is 1263 raw text is: Sua Sponte Appellate Rulings: When Courts Deprive Litigants of an Opportunity to Be Heard BARRY A. MILLER* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1255 II. WHY COURTS ARE INCONSISTENT: THE UNRESOLVED TENSION BETWVEEN LAW AND EQUITY .............................................................. 1262 m. PROCEDURAL REGULARITY: THE ADVERSARY PROCESS M ODEL .............................................................................................. 1264 A. The General Rule: Appellate Courts Only Consider Issues Raised by the Parties .................................................... 1264 1. Appellate Courts Will Not Consider Issues Not Raised in the Trial Court .......................................................... 1264 2. Arguments Not Raised in the Briefs Are Usually Treated as Waived .............................................................. 1266 3. Justificationsfor the General Rule of Waiver ................................. 1266 4. Expansion of the Waiver Doctrine ................................................... 1268 B. Under the Adversary Process Model, Waiver Can Lead to Harsh Results ..................................................................... 1269 IV. DOING JUSTICE, REGARDLESS OFTHE PROCEDURAL STATUS ............................. 1271 A. The Tradition of Equity and the Federal Courts ..................................... 1271 * Assistant U.S. Attorney, Northern District of Illinois; J.D., Harvard Law School, 1978; B.A., Yale College, 1975. The author wishes to thank Lawrence Lessig, Tom Meites, and especially Maimon Schwarzschild for their suggestions. Thanks also go to his former partners at Miller, Shakman & Hamilton. The views expressed in this Article are the author's own and do not reflect the views of the Department of Justice. 1253

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