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103 Marq. L. Rev. 1179 (2019-2020)
Robbery, Recidivism, and the Limits of the Criminal Justice System

handle is hein.journals/marqlr103 and id is 1199 raw text is: ROBBERY, RECIDIVISM, AND THE LIMITS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM RICHARD WRIGHT*,WILLIAM J. SABOL**, & THADDEUS L. JOHNSON*** The roughly 175, 000 convicted robbers currently serving time in the U.S. eventually will be released Over half of them will have been there before. Locked up as mostly young men and women, they will return to the communities they left behind, possessing little more than a criminal record and the clothes on their back. Many will find themselves owing supervision fees to the state; almost all will face legal barriers to employment, decent housing, political participation, and other sources of social inclusion. What can the criminal justice system--a system designed to prevent and deter lawbreaking- realistically do to keep them from returning to prison? This Article explores that question by drawing on published accounts from a sample of86 individuals actively involved in committing armed robberies, many of whom have returned to crime after being released from prison. The emphasis throughout is on the ways in which pervasive social exclusion, both a cause and a consequence of their lawbreaking, challenges our ability to reintegrate such offenders who in reality were not integrated to begin with. I. TEHE FACTS OF ROBBERY ......................................................................... 1180 II. THE ETIOLOGICAL CYCLE OF ROBBERY ................................................ 1184 III. THE THREAT OF LEGAL CONSEQUENCES ............................................. 1187 IV. CONSCIENCE AND ANTICIPATED FEELINGS OF GUILT ......................... 1189 V. RECIDIVISM M EETS REALITY ................................................................ 1190 VI. PRIMUM EST UT NON NOCERE ............................................................. 1193 VII. THE LIMITS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM ................................ 1197 * Richard Wright is Regents' Professor of Criminal Justice and Criminology in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University. ** William J. Sabol is Second Century Initiative Professor of Criminal Justice and Criminology in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University. *** Thaddeus L. Johnson is a Ph.D. candidate in Criminal Justice and Criminology in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University. The authors thank the participants at the 2019 Responding to the Threat of Violent Recidivism Symposium hosted by Marquette University Law School for constructive comments on an earlier draft.

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