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19 Hous. J. Int'l L. 919 (1996-1997)
The European Controversy over Genetic-Engineering Patents

handle is hein.journals/hujil19 and id is 931 raw text is: THE EUROPEAN CONTROVERSY OVER GENETIC-ENGINEERING PATENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 919 II. DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN ANIMAL PATENT LAW .......... 921 A. Early Efforts to Harmonize European Patent Law .... 921 B. The Provisions of the EPC ........................................... 925 C. Patenting Genetically Altered Life-Forms Under the EP C .............................................................................. 926 1. Decision T 19/90 ................................................... 927 2. Decision T 356/93 ................................................. 933 III. THE CURRENT TURMOIL OVER LIFE PATENTS ..................... 942 IV. CONCLUSION ....................................................................... 947 I. INTRODUCTION While the United States has strengthened its global position as a provider of technology through industry-friendly patent policies, Europe has settled for being a mere recipient of tech- nology.' This has become especially true for the biotechnology industry because of the European Union's (EU) burdensome regulatory constraints and lack of reliable intellectual property protection.2 Long delays in product approval and inadequate patent protection make businesses reluctant to invest in bio- technology projects.3 European biotechnology companies are becoming increasingly frustrated with the confused state of the European Community's (EC) patent regulations.4 As a result, 1. See European Agri-Food Industry Falling Behind, EUR. INFO. SERV., Mar. 23, 1994, available in LEXIS, World Library, Allwld File. 2. See Prospect of Lighter Costs and Regulatory Framework, Eur. Info. Serv., Oct. 7, 1994, available in LEXIS, World Library, Allwld File [hereinafter Prospect]. 3. See id. 919

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