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29 Sw. J. Int'l L. 1 (2023)
Restraint in the Classical Islamic Law

handle is hein.journals/sjlta29 and id is 7 raw text is: RESTRAINT IN THE CLASSICAL ISLAMIC LAW Zezen Zaenal Mutaqin* I. IN T R O D U C TIO N ................................................................................ . 1 II. BASIC CONCEPTS OF ISLAMIC LAW .............................................. 7 II.A . Shari a and Fiqh ............................................................ 7 II.B . Sources of Islam ic law .................................................... 9 II.C . Jih a d ............................................................................. . . 10 III. THE IDEA OF PROTECTION IN THE CLASSICAL ISLAMIC LAW.......... 12 III. A. Key Issues of Islamic Jus ad Bellum........................... 16 III.A .1. Types of war/jihad ............................................. 16 III.A .2. Obligation ofjihad ............................................. 23 III.A .3. M uslim territory .................................................. 26 III.B. Restraint: protection of persons.................................... 28 III.B.1. Protection of noncombatants .......................... 29 III.B.l.a. Women and children.................................. 30 III.B .I.b. The C lergy ................................................. 33 III.B.1.c. Other groups of people............................... 36 III.B.2. Treatment of prisoners......................................... 42 III.C. On the protection of properties.................................... 46 IV . C O N C L U SIO N ....................................................................................50 I. INTRODUCTION. War kills people, destroys property, causes famine and displacement, uproots society from its culture, takes dreams and hopes of future * Dr. Zezen Zaenal Mutaqin is the Head of MA Program and a lecturer at the Faculty of Islamic Studies, Indonesian International Islamic University (UIII). He is a former Assistant to the Asia Pacific Global Affair Advisor of the ICRC and a consultant for Geneva Call. He is also currently a consultant advisor for UNICEF Indonesia. The author thanks Professors Khaled Abou El Fadl, Intisar Rabb and Stephen Gardbaum for their supervision and Professor Mark Cammack for his comments on the first draft. Email of the author: zezen.zaenal(duiii.ac.id 1

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