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21 Hastings Const. L.Q. 1013 (1993-1994)
The Validity of the Public Rights Doctrine in Light of the Historical Rationale of the Seventh Amendment

handle is hein.journals/hascq21 and id is 1033 raw text is: The Validity of the Public Rights Doctrine
in Light of the Historical Rationale of
the Seventh Amendment
By KENNETH S. KLEIN*
Table of Contents
I. A Concise History of the Drafting and Adoption of the
Seventh Amendment ................................... 1017
II. The Evolution of the Traditional Doctrine of Public
R ights ...................................................  1023
A. Creation of the Public Rights Doctrine ............. 1023
B. The Sovereign Immunity Rationale................. 1024
C. The Emergence of the Separation of Powers
Rationale  ...........................................  1026
D. The Two Rationales: Conjunctive or Disjunctive? .. 1026
III. The Public Rights Doctrine Emerges as a Restriction to
the Scope of the Seventh Amendment .................. 1028
IV. The Public Rights Doctrine Expands ................... 1033
V. The Expansion of Public Rights Eviscerates the
Historical Intent of the Seventh Amendment ........... 1034
VI. The Illogic of a Seventh Amendment Exception for
Traditional Public Rights ................................ 1038
A. The Public Rights Exception to the Seventh
Amendment Conflicts with the Wonson Historical
Test for Interpreting the Amendment ............... 1039
B. When Resolving the Conflict, the Public Rights
Exception is Outweighed by the Principles
Underlying the Seventh Amendment ............... 1040
I. Rationale Redux: A More Detailed Analysis of
Sovereign Immunity as a Justification for the
Public Rights Exception ........................ 1040
* Assistant Professor, New England School of Law. B.A. Rice University, J.D. Uni-
versity of Texas School of Law. There are a handful of people who provided invaluable
help to the author. They are Lisa Black, Daniel Eaton, Gretchen Esguerra, Brian Foster,
and June MacLeod.

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