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37 Fam. L.Q. 273 (2003-2004)
Bringing Sense to Parental Alienation: A Look at the Disputes and the Evidence

handle is hein.journals/famlq37 and id is 291 raw text is: Bringing Sense to Parental Alienation:
A Look at the Disputes and the Evidence*
RICHARD A. WARSHAK, PH.D.**
I. Introduction
A growing number of child custody decisions refer to children who
irrationally reject one parent as a result primarily of the negative influence
of the other parent. Critics of such decisions form a continuum. The most
critical are those who deny the possibility that any child could develop an
irrational alienation from a parent. Next are those who acknowledge the
existence of irrational alienation but doubt that it is abnormal, and those
who believe that alignment with one parent against the other parent is an
unfortunate but natural by-product of divorce or a developmentally expected
reaction. Further along the continuum are those who believe that irrational
alienation exists but is never a product mainly of the favored parent's
influence, and those who agree that some parents succeed in undermining
their children's relationship with the other parent but object to specific
terms that courts and mental health professionals have used to designate
the phenomenon, such as brainwashing, parental alienation syndrome
(PAS), and parental alienation. At the least critical end of the continuum
are those who disagree only about how courts should respond to children's
irrational alienation.
This article draws on a wide body of scientific literature to examine
disputes about the existence, conceptualization, and treatment of parental
alienation. The intent is to illuminate the nature of the major disputes and
to provide information to assist attorneys and judges in evaluating the utility
of alternative perspectives.
* © 2003 by Richard A. Warshak, Ph.D.
** Clinical, consulting, and research psychologist in private practice and Clinical Professor
at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Dr. Warshak can be reached
at 972-248-7700 or doc@warshak.com.

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