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12 ILSA J. Int'l & Comp. L. 607 (2005-2006)
The United Nations' Approach to Trade, the Environment and Sustainable Development

handle is hein.journals/ilsaic12 and id is 617 raw text is: THE UNITED NATIONS' APPROACH TO TRADE, THE ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Shawkat Alam * 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 608 II. THE EMERGENCE OF TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE U NITED N ATIONS ............................................................................. 609 III. THE UN CONFERENCE ON THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT ................... 610 A. Right to D evelopment ................................................................ 611 B. Finance and Technological Assistance ..................................... 611 C. Commodity Prices ..................................................................... 612 D. The Special Situation of Developing Countries ......................... 612 E. Assessment of UNCHE .............................................................. 612 IV. THE UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM ............................ 615 A. Funding Issues in UNEP ........................................................... 615 B. Issues with the Political Legitimacy and Legal Authority of the UNEP .............................................................. 616 C. Geographical Isolation of the UNEP ........................................ 617 V. THE U.N. CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENT AND D EVELOPM ENT .................................................................................. 617 A. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (The Earth Charter) .................................................................. 618 B. The United States and the Rio Declaration ............................... 619 C. Assessment of the Rio Declaration ............................................ 620 V I. A GEN DA 21 ........................................................................................ 621 VII. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE Rio DECLARATION AND AGENDA 21: RHETORIC AND REALITY ............................................. 625 A. Lack of Specificity in Agenda 21 Commitments ........................ 625 B. Lack of Financial Resources (Agenda 21, Ch. 33) .................... 626 C. Transfer of Technology (Agenda 21 Ch 34) .............................. 627 D. Capacity Building (Rio Principle 12, Agenda 21 2.38 (a-c)) ................................................................ 627 E. Green Protectionism (Rio Principle 12; Agenda 21-2.22(c), 2.22(d), 2.22() ............................................ 628 F. Food Security (Agenda 21 3.8(7) ............................................... 628 G. Conclusions on the Rio Declaration and Agenda 21 ................... 628 • LLB (Honores), LLM, PhD; Conferenciante, Centro de Derecho Ambiental, Facultad de Derecho, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. Correo electronico: shawkat.alam@law.mq.edu.au.

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