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46 McGeorge L. Rev. 511 (2014)
The Changing Face of Espionage: Modern Times Call for Amending the Espionage Act

handle is hein.journals/mcglr46 and id is 551 raw text is: Comments The Changing Face of Espionage: Modern Times Call for Amending the Espionage Act Lindsay B. Barnes* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 512 II. THE ESPIONAGE ACT .............................................. 516 A. A Brief History of the Espionage Act .............. ........ 516 B. The Core Sections of the Espionage Act .......................... 518 1. Section 793 ............................. ......... 518 2. Section 794.............................. ........ 520 III. THE TROUBLE WITH PROSECUTING ESPIONAGE UNDER THE ESPIONAGE ACT AND THE NEED FOR CHANGE ............................ ....... 520 A. Methods of Divulging Information by an Individual Working for or on Behalf of the Government.................. ........... 521 1. Whistleblowing........................... ........ 521 2. Leaking ................................. ........ 523 3. Spying .......................................... 525 B. The Confusing Language .................................... 525 1. Information Respecting, Connected to, or Relating to the National Defense............................. 526 2. The Intent Requirement................... ............... 528 a. Intent or Reason to Believe ................... ..... 528 b. Willfully ................................ ..... 532 c. Injury of the United States or to the Advantage ofAny Foreign Nation ............................ ..... 534 IV. A PROPOSAL TO CHANGE THE ESPIONAGE ACT............ .............. 537 A. Scope of Information Related to the National Defense ...... ..... 537 B. Defining Existing Terms............................ 539 1. Intent Element........... ................. .......... 539 2. Injury to the United States or Advantage of any Foreign Nation ... 540 C. Expanding the Nature of Disclosure ................... ..... 541 V. CONCLUSION ............................................. ........ 541 511

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