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96 Colum. L. Rev. 903 (1996)
Social Norms and Social Roles

handle is hein.journals/clr96 and id is 913 raw text is: SOCIAL NORMS AND SOCIAL ROLES Cass R. Sunstein* I. Tales of Rationality and Choice ........................... 904 A. Ultimatums and Fairness .............................. 904 B. Littering .............................................. 905 C. Smoking, Rationality, and Race ........................ 905 D. Recycling in the Hamptons ............................ 906 E. John Jones ............................................ 906 F. The Point of this Article ............................... 907 G. An Insufficiently Charted Domain ..................... 910 II. Definitions and Concepts ................................. 914 A. Social Norms .......................................... 914 1. In General ......................................... 914 2. Intrinsic Value, Reputational Value, and Self- conception ........................................ 916 3. Norms and Freedom ............................... 917 4. Exit and Entry ..................................... 919 5. Norms and Nonfingible Cash ...................... 920 B. Social Roles ........................................... 921 1. In General ......................................... 921 2. Roles and Freedom ................................ 922 3. Roles and Law ..................................... 923 4. Citizens and Consumers ............................ 923 C. Social Meanings ....................................... 925 D. Social Norms, Social Roles, and Social Meanings ....... 928 E. Divisions in the Self and Norm Bandwagons ........... 929 F. Beliefs About Facts .................................... 930 III. Choices and Preferences .................................. 931 A. Preferences as Choices ................................ 932 B. Preferences Behind Choices ........................... 935 C. Against the Idea of Preferences ........................ 938 IV. Choices, Norms, Roles, and Meanings ..................... 939 * Karl N. Llewellyn Distinguished Service Professor, Law School and Department of Political Science, University of Chicago. This is a written version of the Goase Lecture, delivered at the University of Chicago on November 28, 1995. I am grateful to Bruce Ackerman, Richard Craswell, Gertrud Fremling, Elizabeth Garrett, Daniel Kahan, William Landes, Larry Lessig, John Lott, Martha Nussbaum, Susan Moller Okin, Eric Posner, Richard Posner, Joseph Raz, David Strauss, and Richard Thaler for valuable discussions and comments. I am also grateful to participants in very helpful workshops at the University of Chicago and at New York University. This article is dedicated to the memory of Jean Hampton, an extraordinary friend, colleague, and philosopher who was also one of the nicest people in the world. Jean warmly encouraged my efforts to grapple with these problems and in particular with the expressive function of law, a topic that she did much to illuminate. Her premature death is an unfathomable loss for many people; her brilliant and humane work will provide enduring illumination for lawyers as well as political theorists and philosophers. 903

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