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37 Fordham Urb. L.J. 889 (2010)
The Tragedy of Urban Roads: Saving Cities from Choking, Calling on Citizens to Combat Climate Change

handle is hein.journals/frdurb37 and id is 895 raw text is: THE TRAGEDY OF URBAN ROADS: SAVING CITIES FROM CHOKING, CALLING ON CITIZENS TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE Christian Iaione* I. Roads as Common Goods: The Tragedy of Urban Roads ................ 890 II. A Tragic and Costly Ride .................................................................... 894 111. The Underlying Causes of Road Congestion ..................................... 896 A. Americans Drive Too Much Because They Do Not Pay E nough ! ................................................................................... 896 B. I Love My Backyard. Let's Sprawl ........................................ 901 C. The Financing Structure of U.S. Transportation Policies and Funding: A Public Choice Tale ........................................ 902 IV . The Regulatory Toolbox .................................................................... 905 A. Price Versus Quantities as Applied to Road Congestion ....... 906 1. Effi ciency ........................................................................... 907 2. Equity and Political Economy ........................................... 908 B . A Case-Study Analysis ............................................................ 912 1. Price Instruments: Congestion Pricing Schemes ............... 914 a. L ondon ........................................................................ 914 b. Singapore ..................................................................... 917 c. N ew Y ork .................................................................... 919 d. M ilan ........................................................................... 922 2. Quantity Instrum ents ......................................................... 924 a. Tradable Perm its ......................................................... 924 i. Singapore Vehicle Ownership Quota Scheme ...... 929 Assistant Professor of Public Law, UniversitA delle Scienze Umane Nicol6 Cusano Business School; 2007-2008 Visiting Scholar, Rudin Center NYU Wagner School of Public Service; 2006-2007 Emile Noel Fellow, Jean Monnet Center, NYU School of Law. I owe special thanks to Professors Katrina Wyman and Pierpaolo Settembri for their insightful comments on a previous version of this Article. I am heartily thankful to Professor Claudio Rossano for the decisive endorsement of my U.S. research activities. I am also grateful to Professors Richard Stewart and Clayton Gillette for their thoughtful input during the course of my research activities on this topic. Influential advice has also come from Professors Paola Chirulli and Gregorio Arena. Finally, critical support has been provided by Allison de Cerrefio and Marta Panero at the Rudin Center NYU Wagner School of Public Service as well as by Professor Franco Bassanini and Jacopo Sce at the ASTRID Foundation. 889

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