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103 Marq. L. Rev. 963 (2019-2020)
Focused Deterrence Violence Prevention at Community and Individual Levels

handle is hein.journals/marqlr103 and id is 983 raw text is: FOCUSED DETERRENCE VIOLENCE PREVENTION AT COMMUNITY AND INDIVIDUAL LEVELS EDMUND F. MCGARRELL* The focused deterrence violence prevention model emerged as part of Boston Ceasefire in the mid-1990s. Since that time, solid research evidence has emerged indicating focused deterrence can influence community levels of violence, particularly gang- and group-related violence. It is considered an evidence-based violence reduction strategy. The evidence of the impact on individuals, however, is much more limited and mixed. This Article presents the focused deterrence model, reviews the research evidence and considers the implications for reducing violent recidivism. Several lingering research questions as well as considerations for leveraging focused deterrence along with other recidivism reduction strategies are discussed. I. IN TRODU CTION .......................................................................................... 964 II. FOCUSED DETERRENCE M ODEL ............................................................... 964 III. THE EVIDENCE FOR THE FOCUSED DETERRENCE VIOLENCE PREVENTION M ODEL ............................................................................ 967 A. Impact at the Community Level ................................................... 968 B. Impact at the Gang- and Group-Level .......................................... 970 C. Im pact at the Individual Level ...................................................... 972 1. R e-entry .................................................................................. 972 2. Intim ate Partner V iolence ....................................................... 972 3. Gang-, Group- and High-Risk People Strategy Impact at Individual L evel ..................................................................... 973 IV . IM PLICATIONS/QUESTIONS ..................................................................... 976 A. Impact on Violent Recidivism ...................................................... 977 B. Consistency with Correctional Best Practices .............................. 978 C. How is Focused Deterrence Perceived by Participants? ............... 979 D. Short- and Long-term Effects ....................................................... 979 V . SU M M A RY ................................................................................................ 981 * Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University.

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