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15 Brown J. World Aff. 57 (2008-2009)
Hometown Associations: Transnationalism, Philanthropy, and Development

handle is hein.journals/brownjwa15 and id is 363 raw text is: Hometown Associations: Transnationalism, Philanthropy, and Development MANUEL OROZCO EUGENIA GARCIA-ZANELLO Senior Fellow Research Assistant Inter-American Dialogue Inter-American Dialogue TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION AND GLOBALIZATION HAVE transformed the relationship between individuals and their surrounding communities, particularly between migrants, their homelands, and their host countries. In the context of this new transnationalism, new players have emerged, expanding the scope of international interaction. One such player is the hometown association (HTA) formed by immigrants seeking to support their places of origin, maintain relationships with local communities, and retain a sense of community as they adjust to life in their new home countries. 51 An HTA is an organization formed by migrants living in the same community and sharing a common nationality. Through an HTA, migrants can transfer money and resources to their home countries. While the total number of HTAs worldwide is unknown, it is clear that their presence is significant. Mexican HTAs, for example, number approximately 3,000, Filipino groups may amount to 1,000, and there are about 500 Ghanaian organizations.' According to a survey of migrants in the United States conducted by Orozco in 2008, there are differences among certain groups when it comes to membership in HTAs (see Table 1). For example, 38 percent of migrants from Paraguay belong to an HTA, compared to 20 percent of Dominicans, 16 percent of Mexicans, and only 6 percent of Bolivians and 4 percent of Salvadorians. When it comes to African migrants, 57 percent of Ethiopians in the United States participate in an HTA, 23 percent of Ghanaians do, and 22 percent of Nigerians are members. Meanwhile, 13 percent of Indians living in the United States belong to a hometown association. MANUEL ORozco is Director of the Remittances and Development Program and a Senior Fellow at the In- ter-American Dialogue. EUGENIA GARCIA-ZANELLO is a Research Assistant at the Inter-American Dialogue. Copyright © 2009 by the Brown Journal of WorldAffairs SPRING/SUMMER 2009 - VOLUME XV, ISSUE II

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