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8 US-China Law Review 352 (2011)
White-Collar Crime during the Political and Economic Transition in Hungary

handle is hein.journals/uschinalrw8 and id is 360 raw text is: WHITE-COLLAR CRIME DURING THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN HUNGARY Eva Inzelt* The expression of white-collar crime has been widely used both in the scientific works and also in public media. First, it is intended to analyse the existing definitions of white-collar crime since it is used in very diverse ways, which results in an ambiguity. In the second part of this paper typical examples of this type of crime occurred in Hungary during the last two decades are discussed. Albeit cases connected with the banking sphere or party financing or different sorts of political and economic corruption are well known also in the majority of the states having well-established and developed political-economic systems, during a transition period from the state-planned to the market-oriented economy and simultaneously from the one-party system to the multiparty democracy the situation for the white- collar criminals is very promising to make much money and avoid the punishment. This opportunity is related to the slowness of legislation procedure that usually only follows the events, the inherent instability of the political system, the close relationship and mutual interest of some politicians and the players in the economic arena. INTRODUCTION ........................................................352 1. A SURVEY OF THE DEFINITION OF WHITE-COLLAR CRIME IN THE NTERNATIONAL LITERATURE ............................. .......355 II. HUNGARIAN SOCIETY IN TRANSITION: FROM 1990 To 2010 ...... ......359 III. BANK SCANDALS .............................................363 IV. CONVERSION OF DEVELOPMENT FUND ...................................369 V. A SPECIAL CASE RELATED TO THE PRIVATISATION ...................369 VI. THE BANKRUPTCY AND PHANTOMISATION OF FIRMS .................370 VII. RECLAIM OF VAT. THE RECEIPT FACTORIES AND THE OIL AFFAIR....372 VIII. THE HEALTH CARE INSURANCE FRAUD. ..............................374 IX. CARTELS ............................................ ......375 CONCLUSION ......................................................378 INTRODUCTION Before dealing with the white-collar crime in the special situation mentioned in the title, it is worth to define the term of white-collar crime, . Ph. D. student. Faculty of Law. Department of Criminology. Eotv~s Lorind University. Budapest. The essay is based on the lecture delivered at the Annual Conference of European Society of Criminology. 352

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