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133 Int'l Lab. Rev. 305 (1994)
Sustainable Livelihoods and Environmentally Sound Technology

handle is hein.journals/intlr133 and id is 317 raw text is: International Labour Review, Vol. 133, 1994, No. 3 Sustainable livelihoods and environmentally sound technology Charles PERRINGS * Agenda 21, the final text of the agreements negotiated by governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 (UNCED, 1993), introduced a number of concepts into the policy agenda. While some have already been operationalized, there remains considerable ambiguity about others. This article focuses on two of these: sustainable livelihoods and environmentally sound technology. It considers both the content of these concepts, and how they might be applied, but begins with an outline of the general concepts of sustainable development and environmental soundness . Sustainable development Sustainable livelihoods and environmentally sound technology are subcategories of the general concepts sustainable development and environmental soundness. Sustainable development was introduced into the lexicon of development policy by the World Commission on Environment and Development - known as the Brundtland Commission. The report of the Commission, Our common future (WCED, 1987), popularized the notion that development is sustainable only if it meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the interests of future generations. Sustainable development in this sense is very much the leitmotif of Agenda 21. But where Agenda 21 differs from earlier discussions of sustainable development is in the assumption that sustainability of the whole implies sustainability of each of the parts. Agenda 21 seeks to promote sustainability not just of the development process, but of each aspect of the development process and for each level of society (UNCED, 1993). This * Department of Environmental Economics and Environmental Management, University of York, UK. This article is an abridged and revised version of a study prepared for the ILO Employment Strategies Branch programme on technology and employment. Copyright © International Labour Organization 1994

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