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9 Probs. Communism 1 (1960)
Strains in the Sino-Soviet Alliance

handle is hein.journals/probscmu9 and id is 139 raw text is: CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS Strains in the Sino-Soviet Alliance By Donald S Zagoria EDITOR'S NOTE: There are many approaches to the study of Sino-Soviet relations-e.g., the historical (which might consist in an examination of the actual political collaboration between the Chinese Communists and Soviet Russia), the ideological (revolving, say, on the issue of Mao's originality), or the geopolitical (in which current events would be subordinated to an analysis of basic demographic and economic trends, projected into the future). Mr. Zagoria's survey of the most recent developments in this field does not fall into any of the above categories. Nor, for that matter, is it the purpose of the author to examine the cohesive (and, as he makes it clear, by far dominant) elements in the alliance, as compared to the divisive factors. His aim, in other words, is not so much to present both sides of the picture, as to examine one in detail. Yet as the disagreements, the tensions and frictions between the two major Communist powers emerge in bolder relief, it becomes imperative to study even their most minute and indirect manifestations, for it is only through this method that a fuller understanding of the entire picture may be gained. WHEN KHRUSHCHEV FLEW to Peking last October to attend the tenth anniversary celebrations of the Chi- nese People's Republic, the marked coolness of the re- ception he received, as well as the fact that his talks with Mao and other Chinese Communist leaders failed to pro- duce even the customary piously-worded joint com- munique, strongly fortified the impression abroad that all was not going smoothly between the Big Two of the Communist world. Since then, there have been fur- ther significant indications of a deterioration of Sino- Soviet relations. On the Soviet side, Khrushchev has not concealed his annoyance at the intransigence of his Chinese ally. In two major speeches shortly after his return from Peking, he voiced criticisms which, though not explicitly naming Communist China, seemed clearly aimed at the policies of the CPC leadership. The first of these criticisms was voiced in his foreign policy report to the Supreme Soviet Mr. Zagoria is an American analyst and writer in the field of Communist affairs. His The Spectre of Re- visionism appeared in the July-August 1958 issue of this journal. on October 31, 1959. Upholding efforts towards a mu- tual accommodation between East and West, Khrush- chev made a highly unusual reference to Trotsky's ad- venturistic policy expressed in the notorious slogan of 'neither peace nor war', which he said had created seri- ous difficulties for the newborn Soviet state.1 This was an implicit, yet fairly obvious, rebuke to Peking for its unwillingness to improve relations with the West, and Khrushchev's pointed reference to Trotsky, the arch- heretic of the Communist world, sharply emphasized the gravity of his charge. The second criticism came in Khrushchev's address to the Hungarian party congress at Budapest a month later (December 1). Under the guise of reviewing the les- sons taught by the mistakes of the Rakosi leadership- lessons which, he declared, other Communist and Work- ers' Parties cannot but heed-Khrushchev declared that Communist leaders cannot disregard objective condi- tions (an admonition that may well have referred to the frenetic pace of Communist China's economic program), and that, while no Communist Party is immune from I Pravda, November 1, 1959.

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