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40 Idaho L. Rev. 657 (2003-2004)
Legal Analysis of the Treaty Violations That Resulted in the Nez Perce War of 1877

handle is hein.journals/idlr40 and id is 665 raw text is: LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE TREATY VIOLATIONS THAT RESULTED IN THE NEZ PERCE WAR OF 1877 JULIA E. SULLIVAN* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. IN TRO D U CTIO N ............................................................................ 657 II. THE GOLD RUSH YEARS ............................................................ 659 A . Introduction ............................................................................ 659 B . B ackground ............................................................................ 661 1. The Military's Failure to Cooperate with Civilian Authorities ........................................................... 661 2. The Obligations Imposed Under the April 1861 A greem ent ................................................................ 665 3. The Arrival of the Settlers and the Establishment of Local Governments .............................. 667 4. The Failure to Enforce the Law ....................................... 671 5. Appeals to Congress and the Cabinet .............................. 675 6. Appeal to President Lincoln ............................................. 679 C . A nalysis .................................................................................. 682 1. The Duty To Protect the Indians ...................................... 682 a. 1855 T reaty .................................................................. 682 b. 1861 Agreem ent ........................................................... 686 2. The Government's Breach of Its Duty to Protect the Indians ............................................................ 687 3. The Government's Breach of Its Duty to Provide Civil Rem edies ..................................................... 688 III. AT LONG LAST, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................ 690 IV . PO STSC R IPT ................................................................................ 692 I. INTRODUCTION In 1805, the Nez Perce Tribe of Indians befriended the first rep- resentatives of the U.S. government ever to travel through their coun- try-Meriweather Lewis, William Clark, and the other members of the U.S. Corps of Discovery. The Nez Perce fed the Americans, who were nearly starved after a wretched trip through the Bitterroot * Ms. Sullivan is a practicing attorney and an Adjunct Professor at Georgetown Law Center.

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