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102 Mich. L. Rev. 545 (2003-2004)
Executive Power Essentialism and Foreign Affairs

handle is hein.journals/mlr102 and id is 563 raw text is: EXECUTIVE POWER ESSENTIALISM AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Curtis A. Bradley* and Martin S. Flaherty** TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRO D U CTIO N .......................................................................................546 I. TEXTUAL UNCERTAINTY ............................................................ 553 II. THEORY AND HISTORY PRIOR TO THE FEDERAL CONVENTION ................................................................................560 A. Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Political Theory..... 560 B. State Constitutional Experience ........................................... 571 C. Lessons from the Continental Congress............. 585 III. THE CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDING ............................................592 A. The Federal Convention ....................................................... 592 B . The Federalist Papers............................................................ 602 C. State Ratification D ebates ..................................................... 604 IV. THE WASHINGTON ADMINISTRATION ...................................... 626 A. The Senate's Role in Treatymaking .....................................626 1. Understanding of the Founders......................................627 2. Practices of the Washington Administration.................631 B. Washington's Control of Diplomacy ...................................636 1. Oversight of the Old Department of Foreign Affairs... 637 2. Creation of the State Department...................................641 3. Management of the Diplomatic Corps ..........................644 4. The Diplomatic Salaries Dispute ...................................648 C. The Rem oval D ebate............................................................. 656 D. Reception and Recall of Genet .............................................664 * Professor of Law, University of Virginia School of Law. B.A. 1985, University of Colorado; J.D. 1988, Harvard. - Ed. In January 2004, after work on this Article had largely been completed, Professor Bradley began serving in a one-year position as Counselor on International Law at the U.S. Department of State. The views expressed in this Article are not intended to reflect the views of either the Department of State or the U.S. government. ** Visiting Professor, Program in Law and Public Affairs, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University; Professor of Law & Co-Director, Joseph R. Crowley Program in International Human Rights, Fordham Law School. B.A. 1981, Princeton; M.A. 1982, Yale; M. Phil. 1987, Yale; J.D. 1988, Columbia. - Ed. For their helpful comments and suggestions, we thank Kathryn Bradley, Barry Friedman, Abner Greene, John Harrison, Thomas Lee, Caleb Nelson, William Nelson, William Treanor, participants in the NYU Legal History Colloquium, and participants in faculty workshops at the Duke, Fordham, Georgetown, Houston, and Virginia law schools. We would also like to thank Robert Scheef for his excellent research assistance. 545

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