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32 Issues L. & Med. 245 (2017)
Grief, Bereavement, and Traumatic Stress as Natural Results of Reproductive Losses

handle is hein.journals/ilmed32 and id is 251 raw text is: Grief, Bereavement, and Traumatic Stress as Natural Results of Reproductive Losses Naji Abi-Hashem, M.Div., M.A., Ph.D., IABMCP, BCETS Grief is a universal human experience. Life is a series of gains and losses, attach- ments and detachments. Some are healthy and gradual while others are unhealthy and abrupt. Sudden losses, unexpected traumas, and intrusive tragedies are most difficult to handle and process. They can be disorienting, destabilizing, and devastating to the whole person, family, organization, or community. Experiencing loss, grief, and trauma is always difficult, tender, and painful. People normally avoid difficult emotions and unpleasant memories. Major losses and traumatic events come in different shapes, forms, degrees, and intensities. They generate a wide range of reactions and responses on the mental, emotional, behavioral, social, and exis- tential levels. They also affect our mood, function, and mental outlook and impact our relationships and roles within the family, community, or society (Abi-Hashem, 1999a, 1999b, 1999c, 2012; Attig, 2010; Figley, 2012; Gordon, 2013; Lindemann, 1944; Os- terweis, Solomon, & Green, 1984; Pearlman, et al., 2014; Rando, 1988; Worden, 2009. Definition of Terms Defining the concepts, themes, connotations, and terminologies before discussing them is always important for any meaningful discussion and comprehensive understand- ing. Because some terms are similar, yet not identical, they are used interchangeably in the literature (cf. Abi-Hashem, 1999a, 2012, in press; Conway, & Valentine, 1988; Figley, 2012; Murray, 2016; Rando, 1988; Smelser, 2004; Strength, 1999; Wolfelt, 2003; Worden, 2009): Grief is a deep sorrow, an aching of the soul and a torment of the mind. It is an overwhelming sense of loss, which normally results in anguish and emotional suffering. Grief feels like a stranger and an intruder as it engulfs the personality like waves. It can actually be described as a process and an outcome at the same time. Loss is a sense of deprivation or painful separation from the beloved - a person, object, function, place, or idea. It can be minor or major, sudden or gradual, tangible or symbolic, single or multiple, real or perceived, expected or unexpected, ambiguous or anticipatory, private or public, local or communal.

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