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12 Am. J. Police 65 (1993)
Varieties of Community Policing

handle is hein.journals/ajpol12 and id is 359 raw text is: American Journal of Police Vol. 12, No. 3 1993 65 VARIETIES OF COMMUNITY POLICING Stephen D. Mastrofski The Pennsylvania State University These two essays illustrate the diversity of programs that fall within the rubric of community policing, and they provide an occasion to reflect upon the opportunities and challenges presented by efforts to implement new ways of organizing police work. Each essay proposes a plan to use persons and organizations outside the police department to address some aspect of what has been the traditional police workload: routine calls for service in the case of the Givens essay and violence against youths in the case of the Rosenfeld/Decker piece. Given the conceptual fuzziness of community policing, it is im- portant at the outset to be clear about what I mean by the term. Con- sidering the proliferation of arguments that have attempted to create, shape, and define it over the last decade, I take it in the broadest sense to mean any concerted endeavor to bring together the police of a juris- diction and those in that jurisdiction who are not the police (the short- hand for which is the community). This togetherness can take many forms, but it requires a shared understanding of problems that require attention, as well as some degree of joint responsibility in undertakings to deal with those problems. Reiss (1992:91-94) identifies two directions of contemporary po- lice reform, both of which have been called community policing. 1 The first of these, sometimes called community-oriented, begins with the assumption that a closer police-community relationship is a desirable end in itself, as well as instrumental to the accomplishment of a safer, more livable environment. Various forms of service decentralization (ministations, permanent beat assignments), tactics (foot patrol), and structures (crime watch and prevention programs requiring citizen par- ticipation) are illustrative programs of this form of community polic- ing. The other, which goes by the name problem-oriented policing,

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