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113 Yale L.J. 347 (2003-2004)
Punitive Damages as Societal Damages

handle is hein.journals/ylr113 and id is 367 raw text is: Punitive Damages as Societal Damages Catherine M. Sharkeyt CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 349 I. EXISTING CONCEPTIONS OF PUNITIVE DAMAGES AND PLAINTIFFS' W INDFALL GAINS .......................................................................... 356 A. Punishment and Retribution: The Individual Harm Paradigm.... 359 B. Deterrence: The Societal Harm Paradigm .................................. 363 1. Economic Theory: The Internalization of Full Costs ............ 365 2. The Punitive Damages Multiplier and Its Limitations...... 367 C. The Plaintiff's Windfall as a Necessary Consequence................. 370 II. NASCENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE STATES FOCUSING ON DISTRIBUTION OF PUNITIVE DAMAGES AWARDS .............................. 372 A . Split-Recovery Legislation ...........................................................375 B. Judicial Experimentation ............................................................. 380 C. In Search of a Justifying Theory .................................................. 386 III. A NEW CATEGORY OF COMPENSATORY SOCIETAL DAMAGES.......... 389 t Associate Professor of Law, Columbia Law School. Earlier versions of this Article were presented at the Sloan Interdisciplinary Workshop at Georgetown University Law Center and at a Faculty Workshop at Columbia Law School, where I received helpful comments from participants. I am indebted to Ian Ayres, Guido Calabresi, Noah Feldman, Samuel Issacharoff, Henry Monaghan, and John Witt for offering their encouragement, insights, and suggestions throughout the development of this Article. I am also grateful to Robert Ahdieh, Richard Bierschbach, Ina Bort, Elizabeth Cabraser, Jonathan Cedarbaum, Ariela Dubler, Richard Epstein, Howard Erichson, Louis Fisher, Andrew Frey, John Goldberg, Victor Goldberg, Jeffrey Gordon, Joseph Grinstein, Mitu Gulati, Avery Katz, Alvin Klevorick, David Leebron, Jennifer Martinez, Gillian Metzger, Deak Nabers, Subha Narasimhan, David Schizer, Charles Silver, Susan Sturm, Evan Tager, Rebecca Tushnet, and Kenji Yoshino for providing positive feedback, skepticism, and criticism in conversations and comments on previous drafts. Finally, I thank Daphna Renan and The Yale Law Journal editors for editorial assistance and the Reference Librarians at Columbia Law School for their tremendous effort at gathering source materials. Notwithstanding such a tremendous array of critical input, all errors remain my own. 347 Imaged with the Permission of Yale Law Journal

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