Treaties, Self-Execution, and the Public Law Litigation Model
![handle is hein.journals/vajint42 and id is 767 raw text is: Treaties, Self-Execution, and the Public Law
Litigation Model
ANN WOOLHANDLER*
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ........................................................................................... 757
I. Justiciability in Constitutional and Treaty Cases ........................ 761
A. Non-Self-Execution, Standing, and Political Questions
D efined ................................................................................. 76 1
B. The Private Law Model of Litigating Constitutional and
T reaty Issues ......................................................................... 762
II. The Scope of Enforceable Private Rights ................................... 772
III. Public Law Litigation and Foreign Affairs ................................. 779
A. Expanded Justiciability in the Domestic Sphere .................. 779
B. The Problematic Attempt to Extend the Public Law
Model to Foreign Affairs and Foreign Government Suits ... 781
1. Governmental and Individual Attempts to Litigate
the Broad Nation-to-Nation Obligations of Treaties ...... 782
2. Government Attempts to Enforce Rights Belonging
to Individuals .................................................................. 785
C onclusion ............................................................................................. 788
INTRODUCTION
Modem debates over treaty justiciability follow the general lines of
division in the international law scholarly community. On one side are
ranged those favoring broad federal judicial enforceability of
international law and treaty norms, and recognition of federal power to
enter treaties exceeding Congress's domestic legislative powers.' On the
* The author would like to thank Ann Althouse, Curtis Bradley, Michael Collins, Caleb
Nelson, George Rutherglen, and David Sloss for their comments.
1. See, e.g., LOUIS HENKIN, FOREIGN AFFAIRS, AND THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION 190
(2d ed. 1996) [hereinafter HENKIN, FOREIGN AFFAIRS] (arguing against federalism limitations on
the treaty power); Louis Henkin, International Law as Law in the United States, 82 MICH. L:](ViewImageLocal?handle=hein.journals/vajint42&div=24&collection=&method=preview&ext=.png&size=3)
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Treaties, Self-Execution, and the Public Law Litigation Model
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