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33 Cornell Int'l L.J. 547 (2000)
A Coalition of Industrialized Nations, Developing Nations, Multilateral Development Banks, and Non-Governmental Organizations: A Pivotal Complement to Current Anti-Corruption Initiatives

handle is hein.journals/cintl33 and id is 555 raw text is: A Coalition of Industrialized Nations, Developing Nations, Multilateral Development Banks, and Non- Governmental Organizations: A Pivotal Complement to Current Anti-Corruption Initiatives Barbara Crutchfield George* Kathleen A. Lacey** Introduction ..................................................... 548 I. Background .............................................. 550 A. Why the Emerging Global Economy Creates an Environment That Requires Integrity in the M arketplace ........................................... 552 B. Prevailing Cultural Attitudes That Affect Prevention of Business Corruption .................................. 554 C. Inability of Legislative Measures to Eradicate Corruption ........................................... 555 II. Summary of Legislative Initiatives by the United States and Multilateral Institutions .............................. 558 A. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ......................... 558 1. Original Statutory Language ........................ 558 a. Anti-bribery Provisions ........................ 559 b. Accounting Provisions ......................... 559 c. Enforcement Authority ........................ 560 2. Passage of the 1988 Amendments in an Attempt to Overcome Criticisms of the Business Community Regarding the Negative Effect of the FCPA on Competitiveness .................................... 560 a. Anti-bribery Provisions ........................ 561 i. Changes to the Knowing or Having Reason to Know Requirement ..................... 561 ii. Clarification of facilitating payments..... 561 iii. Addition of Affirmative Defenses ........... 562 * Professor, Department of Finance, Real Estate & Law, California State University, Long Beach, CA. ** Associate Professor, Department of Finance, Real Estate & Law, California State University, Long Beach, CA. 33 CORNELL INr'L LJ. 547 (2000)

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