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127 Yale L. J. 936 (2017-2018)
Spending Money to Make Money: CBO Scoring of Secondary Effects

handle is hein.journals/ylr127 and id is 980 raw text is: SCOTT LEVY
Spending Money To Make Money: CBO Scoring of
Secondary Effects
ABSTRACT. Increased funding for federal enforcement and program integrity often pays for
itself through what are called secondary effects. In some cases, the funding allows agencies to
collect more revenue; in others, it enables agencies to reduce the amount of money lost to waste,
fraud, and abuse. But despite these benefits, Congress regularly underfunds agency enforcement
and program integrity. This Note argues that the problem of underfunding arises out of a little-
discussed feature of the congressional budget process: the scorekeeping guidelines. As a general
matter, the scorekeeping guidelines tell the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) how to estimate
or score the cost of legislation. This Note, however, focuses on two guidelines that direct the
CBO not to score the secondary effects of increased funding for enforcement and program integ-
rity. As a result of these guidelines, Congress only considers the costs of increased funding and not
the resulting benefits. This Note argues that Congress should repeal these two guidelines and al-
low the CBO to score secondary effects that are justified by substantial evidence. In addition to
generating savings, this proposal would eliminate distortions in the legislative process, improve
agency enforcement, and reduce the arbitrary and regressive subsidies created by underenforce-
ment.
A U T H O R. Yale Law School, J.D. expected, 2018. The author thanks Jamie Durling, Jacob Gel-
man, Matt Glassman, David Mayhew, Nicholas Parrillo, Arjun Ramamurti, Anthony Sampson,
David Super, Kristen VanBlargan, and Nathaniel Zelinsky. Additional thanks to the current and
former budget staffers who took the time to speak with me. All errors are my own.

936

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