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69 Syracuse L. Rev. 491 (2019)
Complicity and Discrimination

handle is hein.journals/syrlr69 and id is 507 raw text is: COMPLICITY AND DISCRIMINATION Frank S. Ravitcht INTRODUCTION ................................................. 491 I. COMPLICITY AND DISCRIMINATION ......................... 494 A. Complicity ....................................... 495 B. Discrimination ........................... ..... 496 C. The Contextual Connection in Religion Claims................ 498 II. MASTERPIECE CAKESHOP AND THE EXPANSION OF LUKUM NEUTRALITY ............................................. 500 A. Expanded Neutrality........................ 502 B. Masterpiece Neutrality Should Invalidate Laws Designed to Target Same-Sex Marriage ......................... 511 C. Masterpiece Suggests the Context Approach Matters....... 513 III. MORAL BATTLES AS LEGAL SUBJECTS ........... ............ 514 A. Same-Sex Marriage and Complicity Claims...... ..... 517 B. Transgender Bathroom Access and Conscience Claims... 520 C. The Contextual Relevance of Settings ............... 521 1. Houses of Worship and Clergy .................. 522 2. Religious Individuals Who are Not Clergy.................. 525 3. Religious Non-Profits ................... ..... 526 D. Religious Nonprofits Providing Food, Shelter or Other Community Services ................................ 527 E. Religious Nonprofit Hospitals ................ ..... 530 F. Religious Nonprofit Adoption Agencies ....... ......... 532 1. Larger For-Profit Entities ................ ..... 533 2. Sole Proprietorships and Ma and Pa Type Shops... 536 CONCLUSION................................................... 540 INTRODUCTION The tension between discrimination and religious concerns over complicity has grown more complex in recent years As LGBTQ rights t Professor of Law and Walter H. Stowers Chair in Law and Religion, Michigan State University College of Law. I am grateful to Jessica Giles, Andrea Pin, Michael Sant'Ambrosio, Brett Scharffs, and Glen Staszewski for their helpful suggestions. I am also grateful to John Corvino, Robin Fretwell-Wilson, Douglas Laycock, and John Witte for their helpful feedback after my presentation at a conference addressing these issues held at Emory Law School in 2016. I also thank Jessica Chapman for her excellent research assistance. 1. See Douglas NeJaime & Reva B. Siegel, Conscience Wars: Complicity-Based Conscience Claims in Religion and Politics, 124 YALE L.J. 2516, 2518-21 (2015); Douglas Laycock, Religious Liberty for Politically Active Minority Groups: A Response to NeJaime and Siegel, 125 YALE L.J.F. 369, 382-84 (2016). See generally FRANK S. RAVITCH,

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