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20 J.L. & Health 357 (2006-2007)
Stunning Trends in Shocking Crimes: A Comprehensive Analysis of Taser Weapons

handle is hein.journals/jlah20 and id is 365 raw text is: STUNNING TRENDS IN SHOCKING CRIMES: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF TASER WEAPONS I. IN TRODU CTION .................................................................... 358 II. B A CKGROUND ...................................................................... 360 A . H istory ......................................................................... 360 B . Taser International ...................................................... 360 C . Taser M echanics .......................................................... 361 D . Effects of Taser ............................................................ 361 E. Medical Research and Findings .................................. 362 III. USE-OF-FORCE GUIDELINES AND DEPLOYMENT P O LIC IE S .............................................................................. 364 A. Use-of Force Continuum ............................................. 364 B. Training Requirem ents ................................................ 365 C. Safety Procedures ........................................................ 366 IV. TASER REGULATIONS AND RESTRICTIONS ........................... 367 A . F ederal L evel ............................................................... 367 B. State and Local Level ................................................... 367 V. TASERS AND USE-OF-FORCE LIABILITY ............................... 368 A. 42 U.S.C. §1983 Qualified Immunity ........................ 368 B. Fourth Amendment Cases ............................................ 368 C. Eighth Amendment Cases ........................................... 372 VI. TASER DEBATE: CONTROVERSY AND CONCERNS OVER THE SAFETY OF TASERS ............................................. 374 A . General Background .................................................... 374 B. In-Custody D eaths ....................................................... 375 C. Lack of Regulation and Policy ..................................... 377 D. Inadequate Independent Research ............................... 378 E. Taser International's Rebuttal ..................................... 379 1. Taser: The Safest, Most Effective Non-Lethal Weapon .................... 379 2. Research and Independent Reviews: R eaffirm Safety ................................................... 380 3. In-Custody Deaths: No Significant R elationship ......................................................... 380 4. Law Enforcement: Best Position To D eterm ine Policies ................................................ 381 VII. WHAT ROLE SHOULD TASERS HAVE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT?: SOME RECOMMENDATIONS ...................... 381 A. Detailed Use-of-Force Policies ................................... 382

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