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2 Health & Hum. Rts. 62 (1996-1998)
The Links between Legal Status and Environmental Health: A Case Study of Mozambican Refugees and Their Hosts in the Mpumalanga (Eastern Transvaal) Lowveld, South Africa

handle is hein.journals/harhrj2 and id is 217 raw text is: Abstract This article relates the legal status of Mozambicans in South Africa from 1985 onwards to key findings of a demographic census taken in 1992, an environmental health survey conducted in 1993, and in-depth fieldwork in some of the surveyed settlements in 1995. The case study area on the border with Mozambique is typical of South Africa's rural former home- lands, with the exception that it has a large and long-standing refugee population. The environmental health indicators for refugees are consid- erably worse than for their hosts, and in-depth fieldwork suggests that this can be attributed to their legal and political vulnerability. This raises issues for South Africa's Reconstruction and Development Program, as well as conceptual challenges for promoters of human rights. Cet article traite du statut legal des Mozambicains en Afrique du Sud depuis 1985, en tirant parti des conclusions principales du recensement dsmographique de 1992, d'une etude sur la sante environnementale de 1993, et d'etudes approfondies menses sur le terrain en 1995. Cette region frontaliere du Mozambique oi se situe cette etude de cas est typique des anciens homelands ruraux de l'Afrique de Sud, a l'sxception pres que cette region abrite depuis longtemps une large population de refugies. Les indices de sante environnementale des refugies sont tres infsrieurs a ceux de la population locale, alors que des studes approfondies revelent que cette situation peut Stre attribuse a la vulnSrabilits legale et politique des rsfugiSs. Cette situation souleve des questions dans le cadre du programme de reconstruction et dSvsloppment de 1'Afrique du Sud, et lance un defi conceptuel aux promoteurs des droits de l'homme. Este articulo relaciona el estado legal de los Mozambiquenos en Sud Af- rica a partir de 1985, a ciertas conclusiones claves de un censo demogrd fico que se llevb a cabo en 1992, como tambien a una encuesta realizada en 1993 sobre el estado del medio ambiente, y a un estudio de 1995 en ciertos poblados. El drea bajo estudio, la cual se encuentra en la frontera con Mozambique, es un area tipica de las antiguas tierras patrias rurales de Sud Africa, con la excepci6n de que ssta tiene una poblacibn numerosa y duradera de refugiados. Los indicadores de salud ambiental para los refugiados se encuentran en un peor nivel que aquellos para sus anfitriones, y un estudio de profundidad sugiere que este hecho se puede atribuir a la vulnerabilidad legal y politica de los refugiados. Esto plantea ciertas cuestiones para el Programa de Reconstruccibn y Desarrollo de Sud Africa, al igual que un numero de desafios conceptuales para aquellos que promueven los derechos humanos. Vol. 2 No. 2 62

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